Kegelslakken

Kegelslakken
	Conus geographus
Taxonomische indeling
Rijk:	Animalia (Dieren)
Stam:	Mollusca (Weekdieren)
Klasse:	Gastropoda (Slakken)
Orde:	Neogastropoda
Superfamilie:	Conoidea
Familie
	Conidae; Fleming, 1822
Synoniemen
	Californiconinae J. K. Tucker & Tenorio, 2009; Conilithidae J. K. Tucker & Tenorio, 2009; Profundiconinae Limpalaër & Monnier, 2018; Puncticulinae J. K. Tucker & Tenorio, 2009; Taranteconidae J. K. Tucker & Tenorio, 2009;
	Afbeeldingen op Wikimedia Commons
	Kegelslakken op Wikispecies
	(en) World Register of Marine Species
Portaal	Biologie

Kegelslakken (Conidae) vormen een familie van carnivore slakken.

Beschrijving

Deze fraaie, tot 23 cm lange slakken zijn gevaarlijke rovers. Ze hebben giftige stiletten opzij van de rasptong (radula), die een verlammend gif inbrengen, dat zelfs dodelijk kan zijn voor mensen. De schelpen hebben vaak mooie tekeningen. Het zijn carnivoren en op het menu staan wormen tot kleine vissen. De gifangel dient ter verdediging, maar ook om hun prooi te verlammen. Als de prooi verlamd is wordt hij door zijn voedselbuis naar binnen gezogen en opgegeten

Verspreiding en leefgebied

Kegelslakken komen voor in koraalriffen en nabij mangroven in alle warmere wateren van de wereld.

Geneeskunde

Het gif van de kegelslak heeft ook zijn nut in de farmaceutische industrie. Het gif heeft een honderd keer krachtigere pijnstillende werking dan morfine en kan mogelijk ingezet worden tegen zenuwpijn.^[1]^[2]

Taxonomie

De volgende geslachten zijn bij de familie ingedeeld:

Californiconus J. K. Tucker & Tenorio, 2009
Conasprella Thiele, 1929
Conilithes Swainson, 1840 †
Contraconus Olsson & Harbison, 1953 †
Conus Linnaeus, 1758
Eoconus J. K. Tucker & Tenorio, 2009 †
Hemiconus Cossmann, 1889 †
Herndliconus Petuch & Drolshagen, 2015 †
Kenyonia Brazier, 1896
Lilliconus G. Raybaudi Massilia, 1994
Malagasyconus Monnier & Tenorio, 2015
Papilliconus Tracey & Craig, 2017 †
Profundiconus Kuroda, 1956
Pseudolilliconus J. K. Tucker & Tenorio, 2009
Pygmaeconus Puillandre & Tenorio, 2017
Tequestaconus Petuch & Drolshagen, 2015 †

Synoniemen

Pictoconus Limpalaër & Monnier, 2018 => Conus Linnaeus, 1758
Profundiconinae Limpalaër & Monnier, 2018 => Conidae J. Fleming, 1822
Afonsoconus J. K. Tucker & Tenorio, 2013 => Conus (Afonsoconus) J. K. Tucker & Tenorio, 2013 => Conus Linnaeus, 1758
Africonus Petuch, 1975 => Conus (Lautoconus) Monterosato, 1923 => Conus Linnaeus, 1758
Afroconus Petuch, 1975 => Africonus Petuch, 1975 => Conus (Lautoconus) Monterosato, 1923 => Conus Linnaeus, 1758
Arubaconus Petuch, 2013 => Conus (Ductoconus) da Motta, 1991 => Conus Linnaeus, 1758
Asprella Schaufuss, 1869 => Conus (Asprella) Schaufuss, 1869 => Conus Linnaeus, 1758
Atlanticonus Petuch & Sargent, 2012 => Conus (Atlanticonus) Petuch & Sargent, 2012 => Conus Linnaeus, 1758
Attenuiconus Petuch, 2013 => Conus (Attenuiconus) Petuch, 2013 => Conus Linnaeus, 1758
Austroconus J. K. Tucker & Tenorio, 2009 => Conus (Austroconus) J. K. Tucker & Tenorio, 2009 => Conus Linnaeus, 1758
Bathyconus J. K. Tucker & Tenorio, 2009 => Conasprella (Fusiconus) da Motta, 1991 => Conasprella Thiele, 1929
Bermudaconus Petuch, 2013 => Conus (Bermudaconus) Petuch, 2013 => Conus Linnaeus, 1758
Boucheticonus J. K. Tucker & Tenorio, 2013 => Conasprella (Boucheticonus) J. K. Tucker & Tenorio, 2013 => Conasprella Thiele, 1929
Brasiliconus Petuch, 2013 => Conus (Brasiliconus) Petuch, 2013 => Conus Linnaeus, 1758
Calamiconus J. K. Tucker & Tenorio, 2009 => Conus (Lividoconus) Wils, 1970 => Conus Linnaeus, 1758
Calibanus da Motta, 1991 => Conus (Calibanus) da Motta, 1991 => Conus Linnaeus, 1758
Cariboconus Petuch, 2003 => Conus (Dauciconus) Cotton, 1945 => Conus Linnaeus, 1758
Chelyconus Mörch, 1852 => Conus (Chelyconus) Mörch, 1852 => Conus Linnaeus, 1758
Cleobula Iredale, 1930 => Conus (Dendroconus) Swainson, 1840 => Conus Linnaeus, 1758
Coltroconus Petuch, 2013 => Conasprella (Coltroconus) Petuch, 2013 => Conasprella Thiele, 1929
Conasprelloides J. K. Tucker & Tenorio, 2009 => Conus (Dauciconus) Cotton, 1945 => Conus Linnaeus, 1758
Conolithus Herrmannsen, 1847 † => Conilithes Swainson, 1840 †
Conospira Cossmann, 1896 † => Conospirus de Gregorio, 1890 † => Conilithes Swainson, 1840 †
Conospirus de Gregorio, 1890 † => Conilithes Swainson, 1840 †
Continuconus J. K. Tucker & Tenorio, 2013 => Conus (Klemaeconus) J. K. Tucker & Tenorio, 2013 => Conus Linnaeus, 1758
Cornutoconus M. Suzuki, 1972 => Conus (Stephanoconus) Mörch, 1852 => Conus Linnaeus, 1758
Coronaxis Swainson, 1840 => Conus (Conus) Linnaeus, 1758 => Conus Linnaeus, 1758
Cucullus Röding, 1798 => Conus (Conus) Linnaeus, 1758 => Conus Linnaeus, 1758
Cylinder Montfort, 1810 => Conus (Cylinder) Montfort, 1810 => Conus Linnaeus, 1758
Cylindrus Batsch, 1789 => Cylinder Montfort, 1810 => Conus (Cylinder) Montfort, 1810 => Conus Linnaeus, 1758
Dalliconus J. K. Tucker & Tenorio, 2009 => Conasprella (Dalliconus) J. K. Tucker & Tenorio, 2009 => Conasprella Thiele, 1929
Darioconus Iredale, 1930 => Conus (Darioconus) Iredale, 1930 => Conus Linnaeus, 1758
Dauciconus Cotton, 1945 => Conus (Dauciconus) Cotton, 1945 => Conus Linnaeus, 1758
Dendroconus Swainson, 1840 => Conus (Dendroconus) Swainson, 1840 => Conus Linnaeus, 1758
Ductoconus da Motta, 1991 => Conus (Ductoconus) da Motta, 1991 => Conus Linnaeus, 1758
Duodenticonus J. K. Tucker & Tenorio, 2013 => Conasprella (Conasprella) Thiele, 1929 => Conasprella Thiele, 1929
Dyraspis Iredale, 1949 => Conus (Virroconus) Iredale, 1930 => Conus Linnaeus, 1758
Elisaconus J. K. Tucker & Tenorio, 2013 => Conus (Elisaconus) J. K. Tucker & Tenorio, 2013 => Conus Linnaeus, 1758
Embrikena Iredale, 1937 => Conus (Embrikena) Iredale, 1937 => Conus Linnaeus, 1758
Endemoconus Iredale, 1931 => Conasprella (Endemoconus) Iredale, 1931 => Conasprella Thiele, 1929
Eremiconus J. K. Tucker & Tenorio, 2009 => Conus (Eremiconus) J. K. Tucker & Tenorio, 2009 => Conus Linnaeus, 1758
Erythroconus da Motta, 1991 => Conus (Darioconus) Iredale, 1930 => Conus Linnaeus, 1758
Eugeniconus da Motta, 1991 => Conus (Eugeniconus) da Motta, 1991 => Conus Linnaeus, 1758
Floraconus Iredale, 1930 => Conus (Floraconus) Iredale, 1930 => Conus Linnaeus, 1758
Fraterconus J. K. Tucker & Tenorio, 2013 => Conus (Fraterconus) J. K. Tucker & Tenorio, 2013 => Conus Linnaeus, 1758
Fulgiconus da Motta, 1991 => Conus (Phasmoconus) Mörch, 1852 => Conus Linnaeus, 1758
Fumiconus da Motta, 1991 => Conasprella (Fusiconus) da Motta, 1991 => Conasprella Thiele, 1929
Fusiconus da Motta, 1991 => Conasprella (Fusiconus) da Motta, 1991 => Conasprella Thiele, 1929
Gastridium Modeer, 1793 => Conus (Gastridium) Modeer, 1793 => Conus Linnaeus, 1758
Genuanoconus J. K. Tucker & Tenorio, 2009 => Conus (Kalloconus) da Motta, 1991 => Conus Linnaeus, 1758
Gladioconus J. K. Tucker & Tenorio, 2009 => Conus (Monteiroconus) da Motta, 1991 => Conus Linnaeus, 1758
Globiconus J. K. Tucker & Tenorio, 2009 => Conasprella (Ximeniconus) Emerson & Old, 1962 => Conasprella Thiele, 1929
Gradiconus da Motta, 1991 => Conus (Dauciconus) Cotton, 1945 => Conus Linnaeus, 1758
Graphiconus da Motta, 1991 => Conus (Phasmoconus) Mörch, 1852 => Conus Linnaeus, 1758
Harmoniconus da Motta, 1991 => Conus (Harmoniconus)da Motta, 1991 => Conus Linnaeus, 1758
Hermes Montfort, 1810 => Conus (Hermes) Montfort, 1810 => Conus Linnaeus, 1758
Isoconus J. K. Tucker & Tenorio, 2013 => Conus (Splinoconus) da Motta, 1991 => Conus Linnaeus, 1758
Jaspidiconus Petuch, 2003 => Conasprella (Ximeniconus) Emerson & Old, 1962 => Conasprella Thiele, 1929
Kalloconus da Motta, 1991 => Conus (Kalloconus) da Motta, 1991 => Conus Linnaeus, 1758
Kellyconus Petuch, 2013 => Conus (Kellyconus) Petuch, 2013 => Conus Linnaeus, 1758
Kermasprella Powell, 1958 => Conasprella (Endemoconus) Iredale, 1931 => Conasprella Thiele, 1929
Ketyconus da Motta, 1991 => Conus (Floraconus) Iredale, 1930 => Conus Linnaeus, 1758
Kioconus da Motta, 1991 => Conus (Splinoconus) da Motta, 1991 => Conus Linnaeus, 1758
Klemaeconus J. K. Tucker & Tenorio, 2013 => Conus (Klemaeconus) J. K. Tucker & Tenorio, 2013 => Conus Linnaeus, 1758
Kohniconus J. K. Tucker & Tenorio, 2009 => Conasprella (Kohniconus) J. K. Tucker & Tenorio, 2009 => Conasprella Thiele, 1929
Kurodaconus Shikama & Habe, 1968 => Conus (Turriconus) Shikama & Habe, 1968 => Conus Linnaeus, 1758
Lamniconus da Motta, 1991 => Conus (Lamniconus) da Motta, 1991 => Conus Linnaeus, 1758
Lautoconus Monterosato, 1923 => Conus (Lautoconus) Monterosato, 1923 => Conus Linnaeus, 1758
Leporiconus Iredale, 1930 => Conus (Leporiconus) Iredale, 1930 => Conus Linnaeus, 1758
Leptoconus Swainson, 1840 => Conus (Leptoconus) Swainson, 1840 => Conus Linnaeus, 1758
Lindaconus Petuch, 2002 => Conus (Lindaconus) Petuch, 2002 => Conus Linnaeus, 1758
Lithoconus Mörch, 1852 => Conus (Lithoconus) Mörch, 1852 => Conus Linnaeus, 1758
Lividoconus Wils, 1970 => Conus (Lividoconus) Wils, 1970 => Conus Linnaeus, 1758
Magelliconus da Motta, 1991 => Conus (Dauciconus) Cotton, 1945 => Conus Linnaeus, 1758
Mamiconus Cotton & Godfrey, 1932 => Conasprella (Endemoconus) Iredale, 1931 => Conasprella Thiele, 1929
Miliariconus J. K. Tucker & Tenorio, 2009 => Conus (Virroconus) Iredale, 1930 => Conus Linnaeus, 1758
Mitraconus J. K. Tucker & Tenorio, 2013 => Conus (Turriconus) Shikama & Habe, 1968 => Conus Linnaeus, 1758
Monteiroconus da Motta, 1991 => Conus (Monteiroconus) da Motta, 1991 => Conus Linnaeus, 1758
Nataliconus J. K. Tucker & Tenorio, 2009 => Conus (Leptoconus) Swainson, 1840 => Conus Linnaeus, 1758
Nimboconus J. K. Tucker & Tenorio, 2013 => Conus (Phasmoconus) Mörch, 1852 => Conus Linnaeus, 1758
Nitidoconus J. K. Tucker & Tenorio, 2013 => Conus (Splinoconus) da Motta, 1991 => Conus Linnaeus, 1758
Nubecula Herrmanssen, 1847 => Conus (Gastridium) Modeer, 1793 => Conus Linnaeus, 1758
Papyriconus J. K. Tucker & Tenorio, 2013 => Conus (Papyriconus) J. K. Tucker & Tenorio, 2013 => Conus Linnaeus, 1758
Parviconus Cotton & Godfrey, 1932 => Conasprella (Parviconus) Cotton & Godfrey, 1932 => Conasprella Thiele, 1929
Perplexiconus J. K. Tucker & Tenorio, 2009 => Conasprella (Ximeniconus) Emerson & Old, 1962 => Conasprella Thiele, 1929
Phasmoconus Mörch, 1852 => Conus (Phasmoconus) Mörch, 1852 => Conus Linnaeus, 1758
Pionoconus Mörch, 1852 => Conus (Pionoconus) Mörch, 1852 => Conus Linnaeus, 1758
Plicaustraconus Moolenbeek, 2008 => Conus (Plicaustraconus) Moolenbeek, 2008 => Conus Linnaeus, 1758
Poremskiconus Petuch, 2013 => Conus (Dauciconus) Cotton, 1945 => Conus Linnaeus, 1758
Protoconus da Motta, 1991 => Conus (Stephanoconus) Mörch, 1852 => Conus Linnaeus, 1758
Protostrioconus J. K. Tucker & Tenorio, 2009 => Conus (Gastridium) Modeer, 1793 => Conus Linnaeus, 1758
Pseudoconorbis J. K. Tucker & Tenorio, 2009 => Conasprella (Pseudoconorbis) J. K. Tucker & Tenorio, 2009 => Conasprella Thiele, 1929
Pseudohermes J. K. Tucker & Tenorio, 2013 => Conus (Virgiconus) Cotton, 1945 => Conus Linnaeus, 1758
Pseudonoduloconus J. K. Tucker & Tenorio, 2009 => Conus (Pseudonoduloconus) J. K. Tucker & Tenorio, 2009 => Conus Linnaeus, 1758
Pseudopterygia J. K. Tucker & Tenorio, 2013 => Conus (Pseudopterygia) J. K. Tucker & Tenorio, 2013 => Conus Linnaeus, 1758
Puncticulinae J. K. Tucker & Tenorio, 2009 => Conidae J. Fleming, 1822
Puncticulis Swainson, 1840 => Conus (Puncticulis) Swainson, 1840 => Conus Linnaeus, 1758
Purpuriconus da Motta, 1991 => Conus (Dauciconus) Cotton, 1945 => Conus Linnaeus, 1758
Pyruconus Olsson, 1967 => Conus (Pyruconus) Olsson, 1967 => Conus Linnaeus, 1758
Quasiconus J. K. Tucker & Tenorio, 2009 => Conus (Quasiconus) J. K. Tucker & Tenorio, 2009
Regiconus Iredale, 1930 => Conus (Darioconus) Iredale, 1930
Rhizoconus Mörch, 1852 => Conus (Rhizoconus) Mörch, 1852
Rhombiconus J. K. Tucker & Tenorio, 2009 => Conus (Stephanoconus) Mörch, 1852
Rhombus Montfort, 1810 => Conus (Stephanoconus) Mörch, 1852
Rolaniconus J. K. Tucker & Tenorio, 2009 => Conus (Strategoconus) da Motta, 1991
Rollus Montfort, 1810 => Conus (Gastridium) Modeer, 1793
Rubroconus J. K. Tucker & Tenorio, 2013 => Conus (Rubroconus) J. K. Tucker & Tenorio, 2013
Sandericonus Petuch, 2013 => Conus (Sandericonus) Petuch, 2013
Sciteconus da Motta, 1991 => Conus (Sciteconus) da Motta, 1991
Seminoleconus Petuch, 2003 => Conus (Stephanoconus) Mörch, 1852
Splinoconus da Motta, 1991 => Conus (Splinoconus) da Motta, 1991
Spuriconus Petuch, 2003 => Conus (Lindaconus) Petuch, 2002
Stellaconus J. K. Tucker & Tenorio, 2009 => Conus (Splinoconus) da Motta, 1991
Stephanoconus Mörch, 1852 => Conus (Stephanoconus) Mörch, 1852
Strategoconus da Motta, 1991 => Conus (Strategoconus) da Motta, 1991
Strioconus Thiele, 1929 => Pionoconus Mörch, 1852
Sulciconus Bielz, 1869 => Asprella Schaufuss, 1869
Taranteconus Azuma, 1972 => Conus (Stephanoconus) Mörch, 1852
Tenorioconus Petuch & Drolshagen, 2011 => Conus (Stephanoconus) Mörch, 1852
Tesselliconus da Motta, 1991 => Conus (Tesselliconus) da Motta, 1991
Textilia Swainson, 1840 => Conus (Textilia) Swainson, 1840
Thalassiconus J. K. Tucker & Tenorio, 2013 => Calibanus da Motta, 1991
Thoraconus da Motta, 1991 => Conus (Phasmoconus) Mörch, 1852
Trovaoconus J. K. Tucker & Tenorio, 2009 => Conus (Kalloconus) da Motta, 1991
Tuckericonus Petuch, 2013 => Conus (Dauciconus) Cotton, 1945
Turriconus Shikama & Habe, 1968 => Conus (Turriconus) Shikama & Habe, 1968
Utriculus Schumacher, 1817 => Conus (Gastridium) Modeer, 1793
Varioconus da Motta, 1991 => Conus (Lautoconus) Monterosato, 1923
Viminiconus J. K. Tucker & Tenorio, 2009 => Conasprella (Fusiconus) da Motta, 1991
Virgiconus Cotton, 1945 => Conus (Virgiconus) Cotton, 1945
Virroconus Iredale, 1930 => Conus (Virroconus) Iredale, 1930
Vituliconus da Motta, 1991 => Conus (Strategoconus) da Motta, 1991
Ximeniconus Emerson & Old, 1962 => Conasprella (Ximeniconus) Emerson & Old, 1962
Yeddoconus J. K. Tucker & Tenorio, 2009 => Conasprella (Endemoconus) Iredale, 1931

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties

Conidae op ITIS - NOAA
David Burnie (2001) - Animals, Dorling Kindersley Limited, London. ISBN 90-18-01564-4 (naar het Nederlands vertaald door Jaap Bouwman en Henk J. Nieuwenkamp).

↑ Byrne, M. (2014, 17 maart), Slakkengif zou een soort supermorfine kunnen zijn, Vice, online beschikbaar op www.vice.com. Gearchiveerd op 22 mei 2022.
↑ De Tijd (2016, 1 oktober), Zwarte mamba's en tarantula's, de nieuwe medische superhelden, online beschikbaar op www.tijd.be

[1] Byrne, M. (2014, 17 maart), Slakkengif zou een soort supermorfine kunnen zijn, Vice, online beschikbaar op www.vice.com. Gearchiveerd op 22 mei 2022.

[2] De Tijd (2016, 1 oktober), Zwarte mamba's en tarantula's, de nieuwe medische superhelden, online beschikbaar op www.tijd.be

[1]

[2]