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'''Negros''' is een eiland in de [[Filipijnen]] in de centraal gelegen eilandengroep [[Visayas]]. Het eiland is met een oppervlakte van 13.309,6 km², na [[Luzon (eiland)|Luzon]], [[Mindanao]], [[Palawan]] en [[Samar (eiland)|Samar]], het vijfde eiland in grootte in de Filipijnen. In 2007 telde het eiland 3.602.173 inwoners.
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== Geschiedenis ==
Negros Island was originally called "Buglas" - an old native word which is thought to mean "cut off". It is believed that Negros was once part of a greater mass of land, but was cut off either by what [[geology|geologists]] call a [[continental drift]] or by the rising waters during the so-called [[glacial age]]. Among its earliest inhabitants were dark-skinned natives belonging to the [[Negrito]] [[ethnic group]] with a unique culture. Thus, the [[Spain|Spaniards]] called the land "Negros" after the black natives whom they saw when they first came to the island in [[April]] [[1565]]. Two of the earliest native settlements were Binalbagan and Ilog which later became towns in [[1573]] and [[1584]], respectively. Other settlements were Hinigaran, Bago, Marayo (now Pontevedra), Mamalan (now Himamaylan), and Candaguit (a sitio in San Enrique).
After appointing encomienderos in the island, [[Miguel Lopez de Legaspi]] placed Negros under the jurisdiction of the Governor of Oton in [[Panay]]. In [[1734]], however, the island became a [[military district]] and Ilog was made as its first [[capital]]. The seat of government was later transferred to Himamaylan and thereafter [[Bacolod]] became the capital in [[1849]].
In [[1890]], the [[Spain|Spaniards]] divided the island into [[Negros Occidental]] and [[Negros Oriental]].
On [[November 5]], [[1898]], the Negrenses rose in revolt against the Spanish authorities in the province headed by politico-military governor Colonel Isidro de Castro. The Spaniards decided to surrender upon seeing armed troops in a pincers movement towards Bacolod. The marching revolutionist, led by General Juan Araneta from [[Bago City|Bago]] and General Aniceto Lacson from [[Talisay]], were actually carrying fake arms consisting of [[rifle]]s carved out of palm fronds and [[cannon]]s of rolled bamboo mats painted black. By the afternoon of [[November 6]], Colonel de Castro signed the Act of Capitulation, thus ending the Spanish rule in Negros Occidental. This event is commemorated in Negros Occidental every Cinco de Noviembre as the day the Negrenses bluffed the Spaniards to attain their freedom. [[November 5]] has been declared a special non-working [[holiday]] in the province through [[Republic Acts of the Philippines|Republic Act. No. 6709]] signed by [[Corazon Aquino]] on [[February 10]], [[1989]].
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==Geografie==
Het eiland is politiek en cultureel opgedeeld in de twee provincies [[Negros Occidental]] in het noordwestelijke deel en [[Negros Oriental]] in het zuidoostelijke deel. De grens tussen de twee provincies volgt grofweg de bergketen die over het midden van het eiland loopt en komt bovendien overeen met de grens van het woongebied van de twee etnische groepen op het eiland. In het noordwesten spreken de mensen de taal [[Ilonggo]] (ook wel [[Hiligaynon]] genoemd) en in het zuidoostelijke deel wonen de mensen die [[Cebuano]] spreken.
De [[Mount Canlaon|Canlaon vulkaan]] op het noordelijke deel van het eiland is de hoogste berg van het eiland en één van de meest bekende vulkanen van de Filipijnen.
De belangrijkste steden op het eiland zijn [[Bacolod City(Negros Occidental)|Bacolod]], de hoofdstad van Negros Occidental en [[Dumaguete City]], de hoofdstad van Negros Oriental. Een autoweg van nogal wisselende kwaliteit, verbindt de twee steden in ca. 4 uur.
==Economie==
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