GeoNames

open geografische databank

GeoNames is een vrije geografische database onder Creative Commons licentie, die als Webservice benaderd kan worden.

GeoNames
Uitgebracht 2005
Status actief
Categorie Webservice
Licentie(s) Creative Commons
Website http://www.geonames.org/
Portaal  Portaalicoon   Informatica
Wereldwijde dichtheid van GeoNames entries in 2006

Volgens GeoNames bevat de database anno 2023 meer dan 25 miljoen geografische namen van 11 miljoen objecten, de zogenaamde features. 4,8 miljoen van die objecten zijn bewoonde plaatsen.[1]

In februari 2013 waren er ruim 10 miljoen namen en nam Nederland met 245.000 entries een tweede plaats wereldwijd in. In december van dat jaar stond het op de vijfde plaats.

Hoofdindeling van objecten

bewerken
Code Indicatie Codes Enkele onderverdelingen Toelichtingem
A country, state, region,... ADM1 first-order administrative division a primary administrative division of a country, such as a state in the United States
ADM4H historical fourth-order administrative division a former fourth-order administrative division
LTER leased area a tract of land leased to another country, usually for military installations
ZNB buffer zone a zone recognized as a buffer between two nations in which military presence is minimal or absent
H stream, lake, ... AIRS seaplane landing area a place on a waterbody where floatplanes land and take off
BAY bay a coastal indentation between two capes or headlands, larger than a cove but smaller than a gulf
BAYS bays coastal indentations between two capes or headlands, larger than a cove but smaller than a gulf
BNKR stream bank a sloping margin of a stream channel which normally confines the stream to its channel on land
CNLSB underground irrigation canal(s) a gently inclined underground tunnel bringing water for irrigation from aquifers
L parks,area, ... AGRC agricultural colony a tract of land set aside for agricultural settlement
BSNP petroleum basin an area underlain by an oil-rich structural basin
CLG clearing an area in a forest with trees removed
LAND arctic land a tract of land in the Arctic
LCTY locality a minor area or place of unspecified or mixed character and indefinite boundaries
P city, village,... PPLA seat of a first-order administrative division seat of a first-order administrative division (PPLC takes precedence over PPLA)
PPLL populated locality an area similar to a locality but with a small group of dwellings or other buildings
PPLW destroyed populated place a village, town or city destroyed by a natural disaster, or by war
STLMT israeli settlement
R road, railroad CSWY causeway a raised roadway across wet ground or shallow water
OILP oil pipeline a pipeline used for transporting oil
RTE caravan route the route taken by caravans
TNLN natural tunnel a cave that is open at both ends
S spot, building, farm ADMF administrative facility a government building
AGRF agricultural facility a building and/or tract of land used for improving agriculture
AIRH heliport a place where helicopters land and take off
ART piece of art a piece of art, like a sculpture, painting. In contrast to monument (MNMT) it is not commemorative.
ATM automatic teller machine An unattended electronic machine in a public place, connected to a data system and related equipment and activated by a bank customer to obtain cash withdrawals and other banking services.
FCL facility a building or buildings housing a center, institute, foundation, hospital, prison, mission, courthouse, etc.
HUT hut a small primitive house
PYR pyramid an ancient massive structure of square ground plan with four triangular faces meeting at a point and used for enclosing tombs
T mountain,hill,rock,...
U undersea
V forest,heath,...

Wiki-interface

bewerken

De kern van GeoNames is beschikbaar als Open data, waarvan een export (dump) opgehaald kan worden.[2] Via een wiki-interface kunnen gebruikers de inhoud van de database verbeteren.

Semantisch web

bewerken

Elke GeoNames toevoeging wordt via internet aangeboden met een url, die toegang geeft tot de wikipagina in HTML-opmaak, maar ook tot de beschrijving in een Resource Description Framework dat gebruikgemaakt van de GeoNames-ontologie.[3] Deze beschrijft de GeoNames-eigenschappen met OWL en klassen en codes in SKOS. Met de RDF-beschrijving in Wikipedia-artikelen wordt GeoNames gekoppeld aan DBpedia-data en andere Linked data-bronnen in RDF-formaat.[4]

API's voor verschillende programmeertalen van GeoNames:

bewerken