Gebruiker:Joopwiki/Kladblok/Lijst met lemuren (uit het Engels te vertalen)
Lemurs are strepsirrhine primates, all species of which are endemic to Madagascar. They include the smallest primate in the world, Madame Berthe's mouse lemur, which weighs 30 g, and range up to the size of the indri, which can weigh as much as 9,5 kg. However, recently extinct species grew much larger. As of 2010, five families, 15 genera, and 101 species and subspecies of lemur are formally recognized.[1] Of the 101 species and subspecies, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has classified eight as Critically Endangered, 18 as Endangered, 15 as Vulnerable, four as Near Threatened, eight as Least Concern, 41 as Data Deficient, and seven have yet to be evaluated.[2] From 2000 through 2008, 39 new species were described and nine other taxa resurrected.[3]
The number of lemur species is likely to continue growing in the coming years, as field studies, cytogenetic and molecular genetic research continues.[3] There is not complete agreement over the latest revisions to lemur taxonomy, with some experts preferring an estimated 50 lemur species.[4] The debates are likely to continue, as some scholars label the explosive growth of species numbers as taxonomic inflation. In many cases, classifications will ultimately depend upon which species concept is used.[5] In the case of the lemurs of Madagascar, which have suffered extensively from deforestation and habitat fragmentation, nearly 25% of all species are either Endangered or Critically Endangered, most have yet to be extensively studied, and nearly all populations are in decline. For these reasons, taxonomists and conservationists favor splitting them into separate species to develop an effective strategy for the conservation of the full range of lemur diversity.[3] Implicitly, this means that full species status will help grant genetically distinct populations added environmental protection.
At least 17 species and eight genera are believed to have become extinct in the 2,000 years since humans first arrived in Madagascar.[6][7] All known extinct species were large, ranging in weight van 10 tot 200 kg. The largest known subfossil lemur was Archaeoindris fontoynonti, a giant sloth lemur, which weighed more than a modern female gorilla. The extinction of the largest lemurs is often attributed to predation by humans and possibly habitat destruction.[6] Since all extinct lemurs were not only large (and thus ideal prey species), but also slow-moving (and thus more vulnerable to human predation), their presumably slow-reproducing and low-density populations were least likely to survive the introduction of humans.[6] Gradual changes in climate have also been blamed, and may have played a minor role; however since the largest lemurs also survived the climatic changes from previous ice ages and only disappeared following the arrival of humans, it is unlikely that climatic change was largely responsible.[6]
There is strong evidence of extensive declines in extant populations since the introductions of humans, particularly among the larger and more specialized lemurs.[6] As long as habitats continue to shrink, degrade and fragment, extinctions are likely to continue.
Taxonomic classification
bewerkenLemuren worden ingedeeld in 8 families waarvan er 3 zijn uitgestorven:
- Familie † Archaeolemuridae : monkey lemurs
- Geslacht † Archaeolemur (2 uitgestorven soorten)
- Geslacht † Hadropithecus (1 uitgestorven soort)
- Familie Cheirogaleidae
- Geslacht Allocebus: hairy-eared dwarf lemur (1 levende soort)
- Geslacht Cheirogaleus: dwarf lemurs (5 levende soorten)
- Geslacht Microcebus (Muismaki's) (18 levende soorten)
- Geslacht Mirza: giant mouse lemurs (2 levende soorten)
- Geslacht Phaner: fork-marked lemurs (4 levende soorten)
- Familie Daubentoniidae (Vingerdieren)
- Geslacht Daubentonia (Vingerdieren) (1 levende soort, 1 uitgestorven soort)
- Familie Indriidae
- Geslacht Avahi: woolly lemurs (9 levende soorten)
- Geslacht Indri: indri (1 levende soort)
- Geslacht Propithecus: sifakas (9 levende soorten)
- Familie Lemuridae
- Geslacht Eulemur: true lemurs (12 levende soorten)
- Geslacht Hapalemur: bamboo lemurs (5 levende soorten, 3 levende subspecies)
- Geslacht Lemur: ring-tailed lemur (1 levende soort)
- Geslacht †Pachylemur (2 uitgestorven soorten)
- Geslacht Prolemur: greater bamboo lemur (1 levende soort)
- Geslacht Varecia: ruffed lemurs (2 levende species, 3 levende subspecies)
- Familie Lepilemuridae: sportive lemurs
- Geslacht Lepilemur (26 levende soorten)
- Familie † Megaladapidae: koala lemurs
- Geslacht † Megaladapis (3 uitgestorven soorten)
- Familie † Palaeopropithecidae: sloth lemurs
- Geslacht † Archaeoindris (1 uitgestorven soort)
- Geslacht † Babakotia (1 uitgestorven soort)
- Geslacht † Mesopropithecus (3 uitgestorven soorten)
- Geslacht † Palaeopropithecus (3 uitgestorven soorten)
The placement of lemurs within the order Strepsirrhini is currently under debate, although both sides agree upon the same phylogenetic tree.[8]
- Order Primates
- Suborder Strepsirrhini: lemurs, galagos, and lorisids
- Infraorder Lemuriformes
- Superfamily Lemuroidea
- Family †Archaeolemuridae
- Family Cheirogaleidae
- Family Daubentoniidae
- Family Indriidae
- Family Lemuridae
- Family Lepilemuridae
- Family †Megaladapidae
- Family †Palaeopropithecidae
- Superfamily Lorisoidea
- Superfamily Lemuroidea
- Infraorder Lemuriformes
- Suborder Haplorrhini: tarsiers, monkeys and apes
- Suborder Strepsirrhini: lemurs, galagos, and lorisids
Key
bewerkenScientific name | Latin binomial name, or Latin name, of the species |
Common name | Common name of the species, per Wilson, et al. Mammal Species of the World (2005) or Mittermeier, et al. "Lemur Diversity in Madagascar" (2008) |
Family | Family within the Suborder Strepsirrhini to which the species belongs |
Classified | Date in which the species was formally described and classified, as well as the binomial authority on the species |
Average size | Average size of adult members of the species, in metric and English weight units |
Estimated size | Estimated Average size of adult members of the extinct species |
Conservation status | Conservation status of the species, per IUCN as of 2008 |
Extinction date | Year of extinction or estimated date range for subfossil species, in BCE/CE |
Extant species
bewerken{{Main|Lemur}}
All lemurs belong to the suborder Strepsirrhini within the order Primates. The 101 extant species and subspecies are divided among 5 families and 15 genera. Ze variëren in gewicht van 30 g (Madame Berthe's mouse lemur) tot 9,5 kg (indri). Most are highly arboreal and activity patterns range widely from nocturnal to diurnal to cathemeral. Having diversified over millions of years to fill every ecological niche, diets also vary widely, though fruit, leaves, and insects make up the majority of the diet for most species.
Familie Cheirogaleidae
bewerkenDe familie van de Cheirogaleidae bestaat uit de muismaki's (de kleinste van alle primaten), de katmaki's,de vorkstreepmaki's en verwante soorten. Er zijn 30 levende soorten in de familie ingedeeld.
Family: Lemuridae
bewerkenFamily Lemuridae consists of the ring-tailed lemur, the brown lemurs, the bamboo lemurs and the ruffed lemurs. There are 21 extant species and six subspecies.
Scientific name | Common name | Classified | Average size | Conservation status | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Eulemur albifrons | White-fronted brown lemur | 1796, É. Geoffroy | 2,2 – 2,6 kg | [3][81][82][83] | |
Eulemur cinereiceps{{ref label|cinereiceps|b|b}} | Gray-headed lemur | 1890, Grandidier and Milne-Edwards | 2 – 2,5 kg | [3][84][85][86] | |
Eulemur collaris | Collared brown lemur | 1812, É. Geoffroy | 2,25 – 2,5 kg | [3][87][88][89] | |
Eulemur coronatus | Crowned lemur | 1842, Gray | 1,1 – 1,3 kg | [3][90][91][92] | |
Eulemur flavifrons | Blue-eyed black lemur | 1867, Gray | 1,8 – 1,9 kg | [3][93][94] | |
Eulemur fulvus | Common brown lemur | 1812, É. Geoffroy | 2 – 3 kg | [3][95][96][97] | |
Eulemur macaco | Black lemur | 1766, Linnaeus | 2 – 2,9 kg | [3][98][99][100] | |
Eulemur mongoz | Mongoose lemur | 1766, Linnaeus | 1,1 – 1,6 kg | [3][101][102]<ref name="iucn_044">{{IUCN2008|assessors=Andrainarivo, C., Andriaholinirina, V. N., Feistner, A., Felix, T., Ganzhorn, J., Garbutt, N., Golden, C., Konstant, B., Louis Jr., E., Meyers, D., Mittermeier, R. A., Perieras, A., Princee, F., Rabarivola, J. C., Rakotosamimanana, B., Rasamimanana, H., Ratsimbazafy, J., Raveloarinoro, G., Razafimanantsoa, A., Rumpler, Y., Schwitzer, C., Thalmann, U., Wilmé, L. & Wright, P.|year=2008|id=8202|title=Eulemur mongoz|downloaded=1 January 2009}}</ref> | |
Eulemur rubriventer | Red-bellied lemur | 1850, I. Geoffroy | 1,6 – 2,4 kg | [3][103][104][105] | |
Eulemur rufifrons{{ref label|rufus|a|a}} | Red-fronted lemur | 1833, Bennett | 2,2 – 2,3 kg | [3][106][107] | |
Eulemur rufus{{ref label|rufus|a|a}} | Red lemur | 1799, Audebert | 2,2 – 2,3 kg | [3][108] | |
Eulemur sanfordi | Sanford's brown lemur | 1932, Archbold | {{sort|01800|{{convert|1.8|–|1.9|kg|lb|abbr=on}}}} | [3][109][110][111] | |
Hapalemur alaotrensis | Lac Alaotra bamboo lemur | 1975, Rumpler | {{sort|01100|{{convert|1.1|–|1.4|kg|lb|abbr=on}}}} | [3][112][113][114] | |
Hapalemur aureus | Golden bamboo lemur | 1987, Meier et al. | {{sort|01300|{{convert|1.3|–|1.7|kg|lb|abbr=on}}}} | [3][115][116][117] | |
Hapalemur griseus gilberti | Beanamalao bamboo lemur | 2007, Rabarivola et al. | {{sort|00967|{{convert|0.967|kg|lb|abbr=on}}}} | [118][119] | |
Hapalemur griseus griseus | Eastern lesser bamboo lemur | 1795, Link | {{sort|00700|{{convert|0.7|–|1|kg|lb|abbr=on}}}} | [3]<ref name="iucn_044">{{IUCN2008|assessors=Andrainarivo, C., Andriaholinirina, V. N., Feistner, A., Felix, T., Ganzhorn, J., Garbutt, N., Golden, C., Konstant, B., Louis Jr., E., Meyers, D., Mittermeier, R. A., Perieras, A., Princee, F., Rabarivola, J. C., Rakotosamimanana, B., Rasamimanana, H., Ratsimbazafy, J., Raveloarinoro, G., Razafimanantsoa, A., Rumpler, Y., Schwitzer, C., Thalmann, U., Wilmé, L. & Wright, P.|year=2008|id=9673|title=Hapalemur griseus|downloaded=1 January 2009}}</ref>[120][121] | |
Hapalemur griseus ranomafanensis | Ranomafana bamboo lemur | 2007, Rabarivola et al. | {{sort|00700|{{convert|0.7|–|0.85|kg|lb|abbr=on}}}} | {{sort|-1|Not Evaluated}} | [122] |
Hapalemur meridionalis | Southern lesser bamboo lemur | 1987, Warter, et al. | {{sort|00750|{{convert|0.75|–|1.05|kg|lb|abbr=on}}}}{{ref label|samplesize|d|d}} | [3][123][124][125][126] | |
Hapalemur occidentalis | Western lesser bamboo lemur | 1975, Rumpler | {{sort|01000|{{convert|1|kg|lb|abbr=on}}}} | [3][127][128][129] | |
Lemur catta | Ring-tailed lemur | 1756, Linnaeus | {{sort|02300|{{convert|2.3|–|3.5|kg|lb|abbr=on}}}} | [3][130][131][132] | |
Prolemur simus | Greater bamboo lemur | 1871, Gray | {{sort|02200|{{convert|2.2|–|2.5|kg|lb|abbr=on}}}} | [3][133][134][135] | |
Varecia rubra | Red ruffed lemur | 1812, É. Geoffroy | {{sort|03300|{{convert|3.3|–|3.6|kg|lb|abbr=on}}}} | [3][136][137][138] | |
Varecia variegata editorum | Southern black-and-white ruffed lemur | 1953, Osman Hill | {{sort|03100|{{convert|3.1|–|3.6|kg|lb|abbr=on}}}} | [3][139][140][141] | |
Varecia variegata subcincta | White-belted black-and-white ruffed lemur | 1833, A. Smith | {{sort|03100|{{convert|3.1|–|3.6|kg|lb|abbr=on}}}} | [3][142][143][144] | |
Varecia variegata variegata | Black-and-white ruffed lemur | 1792, Kerr | {{sort|03100|{{convert|3.1|–|3.6|kg|lb|abbr=on}}}} | [3][145][146][147] |
Familie Lepilemuridae
bewerkenDe familie van de Lepilemuridae bestaat uitsluitend uit de wezelmaki's. Sinds 2010 zijn er 26 levende soorten bij de familie ingedeeld.
Scientific name | Common name | Classified | Average size | Conservation status | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lepilemur aeeclis | Antafia sportive lemur | 2006, Andriaholinirina et al. | 0,765 – 0,97 kg | [3][148][149] | |
Lepilemur ahmansonorum | Ahmanson's sportive lemur | 2006, Louis, Jr. et al. | 0,61 kg | [3][150][151] | |
Lepilemur ankaranensis | Ankarana sportive lemur | 1975, Rumpler & Albignac | 0,75 kg | [3][152][153][154] | |
Lepilemur betsileo | Betsileo sportive lemur | 2006, Louis, Jr. et al. | 1,15 kg | [3][155][156] | |
Lepilemur dorsalis | Gray-backed sportive lemur | 1870, Gray | 0,5 kg | [3][157][158][159] | |
Lepilemur edwardsi | Milne-Edwards' sportive lemur | 1894, Forsyth Major | 1 kg | [3]<ref name="iucn_059">{{IUCN2008|assessors=Andrainarivo, C., Andriaholinirina, V. N., Feistner, A., Felix, T., Ganzhorn, J., Garbutt, N., Golden, C., Konstant, B., Louis Jr., E., Meyers, D., Mittermeier, R. A., Perieras, A., Princee, F., Rabarivola, J. C., Rakotosamimanana, B., Rasamimanana, H., Ratsimbazafy, J., Raveloarinoro, G., Razafimanantsoa, A., Rumpler, Y., Schwitzer, C., Thalmann, U., Wilmé, L. & Wright, P.|year=2008|id=11617|title=Lepilemur edwardsi|downloaded=1 January 2009}}</ref>[160][161] | |
Lepilemur fleuretae | Fleurete's sportive lemur | 2006, Louis, Jr. et al. | 0,98 kg | [3][162][163] | |
Lepilemur grewcockorum | Grewcock's sportive lemur | 2006, Louis, Jr. et al. | 0,78 kg | [3][164][165] | |
Lepilemur hubbardorum | Hubbard's sportive lemur | 2006, Louis, Jr. et al. | 0,99 kg | [3][166][167] | |
Lepilemur jamesorum | James' sportive lemur | 2006, Louis, Jr. et al. | 0,78 kg | [3][168][169] | |
Lepilemur leucopus | White-footed sportive lemur | 1894, Forsyth Major | 0,6 kg | [3][170][171][172] | |
Lepilemur microdon | Small-toothed sportive lemur | 1894, Forsyth Major | 0,8 – 1,0 kg | [3][173][174][175] | |
Lepilemur milanoii | Daraina sportive lemur | 2006, Louis, Jr. et al. | 0,72 kg | [3][176][177] | |
Lepilemur mittermeieri | Mittermeier's sportive lemur | 2006, Rabarivola et al. | unknown | [3][178] | |
Lepilemur mustelinus | Weasel sportive lemur | 1851, I. Geoffroy | 1 kg | [3][179][180][181] | |
Lepilemur otto | Otto's sportive lemur | 2007, Craul et al. | unknown | [3][182] | |
Lepilemur petteri | Petter's sportive lemur | 2006, Louis, Jr. et al. | 0,63 kg | [3][183][184] | |
Lepilemur randrianasoloi | Randrianasolo's sportive lemur | 2006, Andriaholinirina et al. | 0,66 – 0,88 kg | [3][185][186] | |
Lepilemur ruficaudatus | Red-tailed sportive lemur | 1867, A. Grandidier | 0,76 – 0,95 kg | [3]<ref name="iucn_059">{{IUCN2008|assessors=Hoffmann, M.|year=2008|id=11621|title=Lepilemur ruficaudatus|downloaded=1 January 2009}}</ref>[187][188] | |
Lepilemur sahamalazensis | 2006, Andriaholinirina et al. | 0,687 – 0,892 kg | [3][189][190] | ||
Lepilemur scottorum | Scott's sportive lemur | 2008, Lei et al. | onbekend | [3] | |
Lepilemur seali | Seal's sportive lemur | 2006, Louis, Jr. et al. | 0,95 kg | [3][191][192] | |
Lepilemur septentrionalis | Northern sportive lemur | 1975, Rumpler & Albignac | 0,75 kg | [3][193][194][195] | |
Lepilemur tymerlachsonorum | Hawks' sportive lemur | 2006, Louis, Jr. et al. | 0,88 kg | [3][196][197] | |
Lepilemur wrightae | Wright's sportive lemur | 2006, Louis, Jr. et al. | 0,95 kg | [3][198][199] | |
Lepilemur hollandorum | Holland's sportive lemur | 2009, Ramaromilanto et al. | 0,99 kg | {{sort|0|Not Evaluated}} | [200] |
Family: Indriidae
bewerkenFamily Indriidae consists of the indri (the largest extant lemur), the woolly lemurs and the sifakas. There are 19 extant species.
Scientific name | Common name | Classified | Average size | Conservation status | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Avahi betsileo | Betsileo woolly lemur | 2007, Andriantompohavana et al. | unknown | [3][201] | |
Avahi cleesei | Cleese's woolly lemur | 2005, Thalmann and Geissmann | {{sort|00830|{{convert|0.83|kg|lb|abbr=on}}}}{{ref label|samplesize|d|d}} | [3][202][203] | |
Avahi laniger | Eastern woolly lemur | 1788, Gmelin | {{sort|00900|{{convert|0.9|–|1.3|kg|lb|abbr=on}}}} | [3][204][205][206] | |
Avahi meridionalis | Southern woolly lemur | 2006, Zaramody et al. | unknown | [3][207] | |
Avahi mooreorum | Moore's woolly lemur | 2008, Lei et al. | unknown | {{sort|-1|Not Evaluated}} | [3] |
Avahi occidentalis | Western woolly lemur | 1898, von Lorenz-Liburnau | {{sort|00700|{{convert|0.7|–|0.9|kg|lb|abbr=on}}}} | [3][208][209][210] | |
Avahi peyrierasi | Peyrieras' woolly lemur | 2006, Zaramody et al. | unknown | [3][211] | |
Avahi ramanantsoavani | Ramanantsoavana's woolly lemur | 2006, Zaramody et al. | unknown | [3][212] | |
Avahi unicolor | Sambirano woolly lemur | 2000, Thalmann and Geissmann | {{sort|00700|{{convert|0.7|–|1|kg|lb|abbr=on}}}}{{ref label|samplesize|d|d}} | [3][213][214][215][216] | |
Indri indri | Indri | 1788, Gmelin | {{sort|06000|{{convert|6|–|9.5|kg|lb|abbr=on}}}} | [3][217][218][219] | |
Propithecus candidus | Silky sifaka | 1871, A. Grandidier | {{sort|05000|{{convert|5|–|6|kg|lb|abbr=on}}}} | [3][220][221][222] | |
Propithecus coquereli | Coquerel's sifaka | 1867, A. Grandidier | {{sort|03700|{{convert|3.7|–|4.3|kg|lb|abbr=on}}}} | [3][223][224]<ref name="iucn_098">{{IUCN2008|assessors=Andrainarivo, C., Andriaholinirina, V. N., Feistner, A., Felix, T., Ganzhorn, J., Garbutt, N., Golden, C., Konstant, B., Louis Jr., E., Meyers, D., Mittermeier, R. A., Perieras, A., Princee, F., Rabarivola, J. C., Rakotosamimanana, B., Rasamimanana, H., Ratsimbazafy, J., Raveloarinoro, G., Razafimanantsoa, A., Rumpler, Y., Schwitzer, C., Thalmann, U., Wilmé, L. & Wright, P.|year=2008|id=18355|title=Propithecus coquereli|downloaded=1 January 2009}}</ref> | |
Propithecus coronatus | Crowned sifaka | 1871, Milne-Edwards | {{sort|03500|{{convert|3.5|–|4.3|kg|lb|abbr=on}}}} | [3][225][226][227] | |
Propithecus deckenii | Von der Decken's sifaka | 1870, A. Grandidier | {{sort|03000|{{convert|3|–|4.5|kg|lb|abbr=on}}}} | [3][228][229][230] | |
Propithecus diadema | Diademed sifaka | 1832, Bennett | {{sort|06000|{{convert|6|–|8.5|kg|lb|abbr=on}}}} | [3][231][232][233] | |
Propithecus edwardsi | Milne-Edwards' sifaka | 1871, A. Grandidier | {{sort|05000|{{convert|5|–|6.5|kg|lb|abbr=on}}}} | [3][234][235][236] | |
Propithecus perrieri | Perrier's sifaka | 1931, Lavauden | {{sort|04300|{{convert|4.3|–|5|kg|lb|abbr=on}}}} | [3][237][238][239] | |
Propithecus tattersalli | Golden-crowned sifaka | 1988, Simons | {{sort|03400|{{convert|3.4|–|3.6|kg|lb|abbr=on}}}} | [3]<ref name="iucn_098">{{IUCN2008|assessors=Andrainarivo, C., Andriaholinirina, V. N., Feistner, A., Felix, T., Ganzhorn, J., Garbutt, N., Golden, C., Konstant, B., Louis Jr., E., Meyers, D., Mittermeier, R. A., Perieras, A., Princee, F., Rabarivola, J. C., Rakotosamimanana, B., Rasamimanana, H., Ratsimbazafy, J., Raveloarinoro, G., Razafimanantsoa, A., Rumpler, Y., Schwitzer, C., Thalmann, U., Wilmé, L. & Wright, P.|year=2008|id=18352|title=Propithecus tattersalli|downloaded=1 January 2009}}</ref>[240][241] | |
Propithecus verreauxi | Verreaux's sifaka | 1867, A. Grandidier | {{sort|03000|{{convert|3|–|3.5|kg|lb|abbr=on}}}} | [3][242][243][244] |
Family: Daubentoniidae
bewerkenFamily Daubentoniidae contains only one surviving species, of the aye-aye. Wide ranging genetic studies have shown that it separated from the ancestral lemurs long before any other branch of the modern Lemuriformes.[3]
Scientific name | Common name | Classified | Average size | Conservation status | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Daubentonia madagascariensis | Aye-aye | 1788, Gmelin | {{convert|2.5|kg|lb|abbr=on}} | [3][245][246][247] |
Unconfirmed species
bewerkenSince the end of 2010, reports of new species continue to trickle in from the field. However, these reports require further scientific evaluation before their claims can be verified.
Scientific name | Common name | Family | Classified | Average size | Conservation status | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Microcebus gerpi | Gerp's mouse lemur | Cheirogaleidae | Radespiel et al., 2012 | 68 g | {{sort|0|Not Evaluated}} | [248] |
Uitgestorven soorten
bewerken{{Main|Subfossil lemur}} All known extinct lemurs from Madagascar are known from recent, subfossil remains.[249] Conditions for fossilization were not ideal on the island, so little is known about ancestral lemur populations. All known extinct lemurs are thought to have died out after the arrival of humans.
Wetenschappelijke naam | Nederlandse naam | Familie | Estimated size | Datum van uitsterven | Bronnen |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Archaeoindris fontoynonti | Palaeopropithecidae | {{sort|160000|{{convert|160|–|200|kg|lb|abbr=on}}}} | 1600 CE | [250][251][252] | |
Archaeolemur edwardsi | Archaeolemuridae | {{sort|015000|{{convert|15|–|25|kg|lb|abbr=on}}}} | 1047–1280 CE | [253][254] | |
Archaeolemur majori | Archaeolemuridae | {{sort|015000|{{convert|15|–|25|kg|lb|abbr=on}}}} | 1047–1280 CE | [253][254] | |
Babakotia radofilai | Palaeopropithecidae | {{sort|016000|{{convert|16|–|20|kg|lb|abbr=on}}}} | 3050 BCE{{ref label|babakoia|c|c}} | [250][251] | |
Daubentonia robusta | Daubentoniidae | {{sort|014000|{{convert|14|kg|lb|abbr=on}}}} | 891–1027 CE | [255][256] | |
Hadropithecus stenognathus | Archaeolemuridae | {{sort|027000|{{convert|27|–|35|kg|lb|abbr=on}}}} | 444–772 CE | [253][254] | |
Megaladapis edwardsi | Megaladapidae | {{sort|040000|{{convert|40|–|80|kg|lb|abbr=on}}}} | 1280–1420 CE | [257][258] | |
Megaladapis grandidieri | Megaladapidae | {{sort|040000|{{convert|40|–|80|kg|lb|abbr=on}}}} | 1280–1420 CE | [257][258] | |
Megaladapis madagascariensis | Megaladapidae | {{sort|040000|{{convert|40|–|80|kg|lb|abbr=on}}}} | 1280–1420 CE | [257][258] | |
Mesopropithecus dolichobrachion | Palaeopropithecidae | {{sort|010000|{{convert|10|–|14|kg|lb|abbr=on}}}} | 245–429 CE | [250][251] | |
Mesopropithecus globiceps | Palaeopropithecidae | {{sort|010000|{{convert|10|–|14|kg|lb|abbr=on}}}} | 245–429 CE | [250][251] | |
Mesopropithecus pithecoides | Palaeopropithecidae | {{sort|010000|{{convert|10|–|14|kg|lb|abbr=on}}}} | 245–429 CE | [250][251] | |
Pachylemur insignis | Pachylemur | Lemuridae | {{sort|011500|{{convert|11.5|kg|lb|abbr=on}}}} | 680–960 CE | {{Sfn|Godfrey|Jungers|Burney|2010|p=354, 361}} |
Pachylemur jullyi | Pachylemur | Lemuridae | {{sort|013000|{{convert|13|kg|lb|abbr=on}}}} | unknown | {{Sfn|Godfrey|Jungers|Burney|2010|p=354, 361}} |
Palaeopropithecus ingens | Palaeopropithecidae | {{sort|027000|{{convert|25|–|50|kg|lb|abbr=on}}}} | 1300–1620 CE | [250][251] | |
Palaeopropithecus kelyus | Palaeopropithecidae | {{sort|035000|{{convert|35|kg|lb|abbr=on}}}} | unknown | [7] | |
Palaeopropithecus maximus | Palaeopropithecidae | {{sort|027000|{{convert|25|–|50|kg|lb|abbr=on}}}} | 1300–1620 CE | [250][251] |
Voetnoten
bewerken- {{note label|rufus|a|a}}In 2008, the red lemur, Eulemur rufus, was split into two species, Eulemur rufus (red lemur) and Eulemur rufifrons (red-fronted lemur). Also, Eulemur rufus was previously known as the red-fronted lemur, but was renamed the red lemur, while Eulemur rufifrons assumed its former name.[3]
- {{note label|cinereiceps|b|b}}Formerly referred to as Eulemur albocollaris or white-collared brown lemur, but was changed in 2008.[3]
- {{note label|babakoia|c|c}}This extinction date for Babakotia radofilai is based on a single radiocarbon date from one specimen. For this reason, it is hard to tell when this species became extinct or how it is related to other lemur species.[250]
- {{note label|samplesize|d|d}}Average weights reported for this species are based on very small sample sizes or are general ranges for its genus and thus require further research.
Notes
bewerken{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}
References
bewerken{{Refbegin}}
- {{Cite book | last = Cartmill | first = M. | chapter = Chapter 2: Primate Classification and Diversity | url = http://books.google.com/?id=hv28p1tCnnEC&pg=PA10&dq=lemuridae+cladogram#v=onepage&q&f=false | pages = 10–30 | editor1-last = Platt | editor1-first = M. | editor2-last = Ghazanfar | editor2-first = A. | title = Primate Neuroethology | publisher = Oxford University Press | year = 2010 | isbn = 978-0-19-532659-8 | ref = harv}}
- {{Cite book| last = Garbutt | first = N. | title = Mammals of Madagascar, A Complete Guide | publisher = A&C Black Publishers | year = 2007 | isbn = 978-0-300-12550-4}}
- {{cite book | editor1-last = Werdelin | editor1-first = L. | editor2-last = Sanders | editor2-first = W.J | title = Cenozoic Mammals of Africa | publisher = University of California Press | year = 2010 | isbn = 978-0-520-25721-4 | contribution = Chapter 21: Subfossil Lemurs of Madagascar | last1 = Godfrey | first1 = L.R. | last2 = Jungers | first2 = W.L. | last3 = Burney | first3 = D.A. | ref = harv}}
- {{LoM3|harv}}
- Nowak, Ronald M. (1999). Walker's Primates of the World. Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0-8018-6251-5.
{{Refend}}
External links
bewerken- Too Many New Lemur Species? – Interview with Anne Yoder, Director of the Duke Lemur Center
- ↑ {{LoM3 Harvnb| pages = 101–103}}
- ↑ {{LoM3 Harvnb | pages = 86–87}}
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx {{Cite doi | 10.1007/s10764-008-9317-y}}
- ↑ Yoder, A.D. (2007). Lemurs: a quick guide. Current Biology 17 (20): 866–868. PMID 17956741. DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2007.07.050.
- ↑ {{Cite doi | 10.1002/evan.20126}}
- ↑ a b c d e Mittermeier, pp. 50–51
- ↑ a b {{Cite doi | 10.1016/j.crpv.2009.02.001}}
- ↑ {{Harvnb|Cartmill|2010|pp=10–30}}
- ↑ Mittermeier, pp. 130–135
- ↑ {{MSW3 Groves|page=111|id=12100007|heading=''Allocebus trichotis''}}
- ↑ {{IUCN2008|assessors=Andrainarivo, C., Andriaholinirina, V. N., Feistner, A., Felix, T., Ganzhorn, J., Garbutt, N., Golden, C., Konstant, B., Louis Jr., E., Meyers, D., Mittermeier, R. A., Perieras, A., Princee, F., Rabarivola, J. C., Rakotosamimanana, B., Rasamimanana, H., Ratsimbazafy, J., Raveloarinoro, G., Razafimanantsoa, A., Rumpler, Y., Schwitzer, C., Thalmann, U., Wilmé, L. & Wright, P.|year=2008|id=868|title=Allocebus trichotis|downloaded=1 January 2009}}
- ↑ Mittermeier, pp. 158–159
- ↑ Garbutt, pp. 103–104
- ↑ {{MSW3 Groves|pages=111–112|id=12100010|heading=''Cheirogaleus crossleyi''}}
- ↑ {{IUCN2008|assessors=Andrainarivo, C., Andriaholinirina, V. N., Feistner, A., Felix, T., Ganzhorn, J., Garbutt, N., Golden, C., Konstant, B., Louis Jr., E., Meyers, D., Mittermeier, R. A., Perieras, A., Princee, F., Rabarivola, J. C., Rakotosamimanana, B., Rasamimanana, H., Ratsimbazafy, J., Raveloarinoro, G., Razafimanantsoa, A., Rumpler, Y., Schwitzer, C., Thalmann, U., Wilmé, L. & Wright, P.|year=2008|id=136235|title=Cheirogaleus crossleyi|downloaded=1 January 2009}}
- ↑ Mittermeier, pp. 155–157
- ↑ {{MSW3 Groves|page=112|id=12100011|heading=''Cheirogaleus major''}}
- ↑ {{IUCN2008|assessors=Andrainarivo, C., Andriaholinirina, V. N., Feistner, A., Felix, T., Ganzhorn, J., Garbutt, N., Golden, C., Konstant, B., Louis Jr., E., Meyers, D., Mittermeier, R. A., Perieras, A., Princee, F., Rabarivola, J. C., Rakotosamimanana, B., Rasamimanana, H., Ratsimbazafy, J., Raveloarinoro, G., Razafimanantsoa, A., Rumpler, Y., Schwitzer, C., Thalmann, U., Wilmé, L. & Wright, P.|year=2008|id=4598|title=Cheirogaleus major|downloaded=1 January 2009}}
- ↑ Mittermeier, pp. 160–163
- ↑ {{MSW3 Groves|page=112|id=12100012|heading=''Cheirogaleus medius''}}
- ↑ {{IUCN2008|assessors=Andrainarivo, C., Andriaholinirina, V. N., Feistner, A., Felix, T., Ganzhorn, J., Garbutt, N., Golden, C., Konstant, B., Louis Jr., E., Meyers, D., Mittermeier, R. A., Perieras, A., Princee, F., Rabarivola, J. C., Rakotosamimanana, B., Rasamimanana, H., Ratsimbazafy, J., Raveloarinoro, G., Razafimanantsoa, A., Rumpler, Y., Schwitzer, C., Thalmann, U., Wilmé, L. & Wright, P.|year=2008|id=4599|title=Cheirogaleus medius|downloaded=1 January 2009}}
- ↑ Mittermeier, p. 166
- ↑ {{MSW3 Groves|page=112|id=12100013|heading=''Cheirogaleus minusculus''}}
- ↑ {{IUCN2008|assessors=Andrainarivo, C., Andriaholinirina, V. N., Feistner, A., Felix, T., Ganzhorn, J., Garbutt, N., Golden, C., Konstant, B., Louis Jr., E., Meyers, D., Mittermeier, R. A., Perieras, A., Princee, F., Rabarivola, J. C., Rakotosamimanana, B., Rasamimanana, H., Ratsimbazafy, J., Raveloarinoro, G., Razafimanantsoa, A., Rumpler, Y., Schwitzer, C., Thalmann, U., Wilmé, L. & Wright, P.|year=2008|id=136800|title=Cheirogaleus minusculus|downloaded=1 January 2009}}
- ↑ Mittermeier, p. 168
- ↑ {{MSW3 Groves|id=12100015|heading=''Cheirogaleus sibreei''}}
- ↑ {{IUCN2008|assessors=Andrainarivo, C., Andriaholinirina, V. N., Feistner, A., Felix, T., Ganzhorn, J., Garbutt, N., Golden, C., Konstant, B., Louis Jr., E., Meyers, D., Mittermeier, R. A., Perieras, A., Princee, F., Rabarivola, J. C., Rakotosamimanana, B., Rasamimanana, H., Ratsimbazafy, J., Raveloarinoro, G., Razafimanantsoa, A., Rumpler, Y., Schwitzer, C., Thalmann, U., Wilmé, L. & Wright, P.|year=2008|id=41576|title=Cheirogaleus sibreei|downloaded=1 January 2009}}
- ↑ Mittermeier, pp. 98–100
- ↑ {{MSW3 Groves|id=12100017|heading=''Microcebus berthae''}}
- ↑ {{IUCN2008|assessors=Andrainarivo, C., Andriaholinirina, V. N., Feistner, A., Felix, T., Ganzhorn, J., Garbutt, N., Golden, C., Konstant, B., Louis Jr., E., Meyers, D., Mittermeier, R. A., Perieras, A., Princee, F., Rabarivola, J. C., Rakotosamimanana, B., Rasamimanana, H., Ratsimbazafy, J., Raveloarinoro, G., Razafimanantsoa, A., Rumpler, Y., Schwitzer, C., Thalmann, U., Wilmé, L. & Wright, P.|year=2008|id=41573|title=Microcebus berthae|downloaded=1 January 2009}}
- ↑ Garbutt, pp. 98–99
- ↑ {{IUCN2008|assessors=Hoffmann, M.|year=2008|id=136537|title=Microcebus bongolavensis|downloaded=1 January 2009}}
- ↑ Garbutt, p. 99
- ↑ {{IUCN2008|assessors=Hoffmann, M.|year=2008|id=136347|title=Microcebus danfossorum|downloaded=1 January 2009}}
- ↑ Mittermeier, pp. 101–103
- ↑ {{MSW3 Groves|page=112|id=12100018|heading=''Microcebus griseorufus''}}
- ↑ {{IUCN2008|assessors=Andrainarivo, C., Andriaholinirina, V. N., Feistner, A., Felix, T., Ganzhorn, J., Garbutt, N., Golden, C., Konstant, B., Louis Jr., E., Meyers, D., Mittermeier, R. A., Perieras, A., Princee, F., Rabarivola, J. C., Rakotosamimanana, B., Rasamimanana, H., Ratsimbazafy, J., Raveloarinoro, G., Razafimanantsoa, A., Rumpler, Y., Schwitzer, C., Thalmann, U., Wilmé, L. & Wright, P.|year=2008|id=136637|title=Microcebus griseorufus|downloaded=1 January 2009}}
- ↑ {{IUCN2008|assessors=Hoffmann, M.|year=2008|id=136458|title=Microcebus jollyae|downloaded=1 January 2009}}
- ↑ Mittermeier, pp. 124–125
- ↑ {{IUCN2008|assessors=Roos, C., Kappeler, P. & Hoffmann, M.|year=2008|id=136199|title=Microcebus lehilahytsara|downloaded=1 January 2009}}
- ↑ Garbutt, pp. 97–98
- ↑ {{IUCN2008|assessors=Hoffmann, M.|year=2008|id=136206|title=Microcebus mamiratra|downloaded=1 January 2009}}
- ↑ {{IUCN2008|assessors=Hoffmann, M.|year=2008|id=136272|title=Microcebus mittermeieri|downloaded=1 January 2009}}
- ↑ Mittermeier, pp. 104–107
- ↑ {{MSW3 Groves|page=Microcebus murinus|id=12100019|heading=''Microcebus murinus''}}
- ↑ {{IUCN2008|assessors=Andrainarivo, C., Andriaholinirina, V. N., Feistner, A., Felix, T., Ganzhorn, J., Garbutt, N., Golden, C., Konstant, B., Louis Jr., E., Meyers, D., Mittermeier, R. A., Perieras, A., Princee, F., Rabarivola, J. C., Rakotosamimanana, B., Rasamimanana, H., Ratsimbazafy, J., Raveloarinoro, G., Razafimanantsoa, A., Rumpler, Y., Schwitzer, C., Thalmann, U., Wilmé, L. & Wright, P.|year=2008|id=13323|title=Microcebus murinus|downloaded=1 January 2009}}
- ↑ Mittermeier, pp. 108–110
- ↑ {{MSW3 Groves|page=113|id=12100020|heading=''Microcebus myoxinus''}}
- ↑ {{IUCN2008|assessors=Andrainarivo, C., Andriaholinirina, V. N., Feistner, A., Felix, T., Ganzhorn, J., Garbutt, N., Golden, C., Konstant, B., Louis Jr., E., Meyers, D., Mittermeier, R. A., Perieras, A., Princee, F., Rabarivola, J. C., Rakotosamimanana, B., Rasamimanana, H., Ratsimbazafy, J., Raveloarinoro, G., Razafimanantsoa, A., Rumpler, Y., Schwitzer, C., Thalmann, U., Wilmé, L. & Wright, P.|year=2008|id=13325|title=Microcebus myoxinus|downloaded=1 January 2009}}
- ↑ Mittermeier, pp. 111–113
- ↑ {{MSW3 Groves|page=113|id=12100021|heading=''Microcebus ravelobensis''}}
- ↑ {{IUCN2008|assessors=Andrainarivo, C., Andriaholinirina, V. N., Feistner, A., Felix, T., Ganzhorn, J., Garbutt, N., Golden, C., Konstant, B., Louis Jr., E., Meyers, D., Mittermeier, R. A., Perieras, A., Princee, F., Rabarivola, J. C., Rakotosamimanana, B., Rasamimanana, H., Ratsimbazafy, J., Raveloarinoro, G., Razafimanantsoa, A., Rumpler, Y., Schwitzer, C., Thalmann, U., Wilmé, L. & Wright, P.|year=2008|id=39751|title=Microcebus ravelobensis|downloaded=1 January 2009}}
- ↑ Mittermeier, pp. 120–123
- ↑ {{MSW3 Groves|page=113|id=12100022|heading=''Microcebus rufus''}}
- ↑ {{IUCN2008|assessors=Andrainarivo, C., Andriaholinirina, V. N., Feistner, A., Felix, T., Ganzhorn, J., Garbutt, N., Golden, C., Konstant, B., Louis Jr., E., Meyers, D., Mittermeier, R. A., Perieras, A., Princee, F., Rabarivola, J. C., Rakotosamimanana, B., Rasamimanana, H., Ratsimbazafy, J., Raveloarinoro, G., Razafimanantsoa, A., Rumpler, Y., Schwitzer, C., Thalmann, U., Wilmé, L. & Wright, P.|year=2008|id=13324|title=Microcebus rufus|downloaded=1 January 2009}}
- ↑ Mittermeier, pp. 114–116
- ↑ {{MSW3 Groves|page=113|id=12100023|heading=''Microcebus sambiranensis''}}
- ↑ {{IUCN2008|assessors=Andrainarivo, C., Andriaholinirina, V. N., Feistner, A., Felix, T., Ganzhorn, J., Garbutt, N., Golden, C., Konstant, B., Louis Jr., E., Meyers, D., Mittermeier, R. A., Perieras, A., Princee, F., Rabarivola, J. C., Rakotosamimanana, B., Rasamimanana, H., Ratsimbazafy, J., Raveloarinoro, G., Razafimanantsoa, A., Rumpler, Y., Schwitzer, C., Thalmann, U., Wilmé, L. & Wright, P.|year=2008|id=41572|title=Microcebus sambiranensis|downloaded=1 January 2009}}
- ↑ {{IUCN2008|assessors=Hoffmann, M.|year=2008|id=136744|title=Microcebus simmonsi|downloaded=1 January 2009}}
- ↑ Mittermeier, pp. 117–119
- ↑ {{MSW3 Groves|page=113|id=12100024|heading=''Microcebus tavaratra''}}
- ↑ {{IUCN2008|assessors=Andrainarivo, C., Andriaholinirina, V. N., Feistner, A., Felix, T., Ganzhorn, J., Garbutt, N., Golden, C., Konstant, B., Louis Jr., E., Meyers, D., Mittermeier, R. A., Perieras, A., Princee, F., Rabarivola, J. C., Rakotosamimanana, B., Rasamimanana, H., Ratsimbazafy, J., Raveloarinoro, G., Razafimanantsoa, A., Rumpler, Y., Schwitzer, C., Thalmann, U., Wilmé, L. & Wright, P.|year=2008|id=41571|title=Microcebus tavaratra|downloaded=1 January 2009}}
- ↑ a b {{Cite doi | 10.1896/052.023.0103}}
- ↑ Mittermeier, pp. 140–143
- ↑ {{MSW3 Groves|page=113|id=12100026|heading=''Mirza coquereli''}}
- ↑ {{IUCN2008|assessors=Andrainarivo, C., Andriaholinirina, V. N., Feistner, A., Felix, T., Ganzhorn, J., Garbutt, N., Golden, C., Konstant, B., Louis Jr., E., Meyers, D., Mittermeier, R. A., Perieras, A., Princee, F., Rabarivola, J. C., Rakotosamimanana, B., Rasamimanana, H., Ratsimbazafy, J., Raveloarinoro, G., Razafimanantsoa, A., Roos, C., Rumpler, Y., Schwitzer, C., Thalmann, U., Wilmé, L. & Wright, P.|year=2008|id=13584|title=Mirza coquereli|downloaded=1 January 2009}}
- ↑ Mittermeier, pp. 144–145
- ↑ {{IUCN2008|assessors=Hoffmann, M.|year=2008|id=136684|title=Mirza zaza|downloaded=1 January 2009}}
- ↑ a b c Garbutt, pp. 111–114
- ↑ a b Mittermeier, pp. 181–182
- ↑ {{MSW3 Groves|page=114|id=12100028|heading=''Phaner electromontis''}}
- ↑ {{IUCN2008|assessors=Andrainarivo, C., Andriaholinirina, V. N., Feistner, A., Felix, T., Ganzhorn, J., Garbutt, N., Golden, C., Konstant, B., Louis Jr., E., Meyers, D., Mittermeier, R. A., Perieras, A., Princee, F., Rabarivola, J. C., Rakotosamimanana, B., Rasamimanana, H., Ratsimbazafy, J., Raveloarinoro, G., Razafimanantsoa, A., Rumpler, Y., Schwitzer, C., Thalmann, U., Wilmé, L. & Wright, P.|year=2008|id=16875|title=Phaner electromontis|downloaded=1 January 2009}}
- ↑ Mittermeier, pp. 174–175
- ↑ {{MSW3 Groves|page=114|id=12100029|heading=''Phaner furcifer''}}
- ↑ {{IUCN2008|assessors=Andrainarivo, C., Andriaholinirina, V. N., Feistner, A., Felix, T., Ganzhorn, J., Garbutt, N., Golden, C., Konstant, B., Louis Jr., E., Meyers, D., Mittermeier, R. A., Perieras, A., Princee, F., Rabarivola, J. C., Rakotosamimanana, B., Rasamimanana, H., Ratsimbazafy, J., Raveloarinoro, G., Razafimanantsoa, A., Rumpler, Y., Schwitzer, C., Thalmann, U., Wilmé, L. & Wright, P.|year=2008|id=16872|title=Phaner furcifer|downloaded=1 January 2009}}
- ↑ Mittermeier, pp. 178–180
- ↑ {{MSW3 Groves|page=114|id=12100030|heading=''Phaner pallescens''}}
- ↑ {{IUCN2008|assessors=Andrainarivo, C., Andriaholinirina, V. N., Feistner, A., Felix, T., Ganzhorn, J., Garbutt, N., Golden, C., Konstant, B., Louis Jr., E., Meyers, D., Mittermeier, R. A., Perieras, A., Princee, F., Rabarivola, J. C., Rakotosamimanana, B., Rasamimanana, H., Ratsimbazafy, J., Raveloarinoro, G., Razafimanantsoa, A., Rumpler, Y., Schwitzer, C., Thalmann, U., Wilmé, L. & Wright, P.|year=2008|id=16874|title=Phaner pallescens|downloaded=1 January 2009}}
- ↑ {{MSW3 Groves|page=114|id=12100031|heading=''Phaner parienti''}}
- ↑ {{IUCN2008|assessors=Andrainarivo, C., Andriaholinirina, V. N., Feistner, A., Felix, T., Ganzhorn, J., Garbutt, N., Golden, C., Konstant, B., Louis Jr., E., Meyers, D., Mittermeier, R. A., Perieras, A., Princee, F., Rabarivola, J. C., Rakotosamimanana, B., Rasamimanana, H., Ratsimbazafy, J., Raveloarinoro, G., Razafimanantsoa, A., Rumpler, Y., Schwitzer, C., Thalmann, U., Wilmé, L. & Wright, P.|year=2008|id=16873|title=Phaner parienti|downloaded=1 January 2009}}
- ↑ Mittermeier, pp. 282–284
- ↑ {{MSW3 Groves|page=114|id=12100035|heading=''Eulemur albifrons''}}
- ↑ {{IUCN2008 | assessors = Andrainarivo, C., Andriaholinirina, V. N., Feistner, A., Felix, T., Ganzhorn, J., Garbutt, N., Golden, C., Konstant, B., Louis Jr., E., Meyers, D., Mittermeier, R. A., Perieras, A., Princee, F., Rabarivola, J. C., Rakotosamimanana, B., Rasamimanana, H., Ratsimbazafy, J., Raveloarinoro, G., Razafimanantsoa, A., Rumpler, Y., Schwitzer, C., Thalmann, U., Wilmé, L. & Wright, P. | year = 2008 | title = Eulemur albifrons | id = 8204 | downloaded = 7 October 2008}}
- ↑ Mittermeier, pp. 280–281
- ↑ {{MSW3 Groves|id=12100037|heading=''Eulemur cinereiceps''}}
- ↑ {{IUCN2008|assessors = Andrainarivo, C., Andriaholinirina, V.N., Feistner, A., Felix, T., Ganzhorn, J., Garbutt, N., Golden, C., Konstant, B., Louis Jr., E., Meyers, D., Mittermeier, R.A., Perieras, A., Princee, F., Rabarivola, J.C., Rakotosamimanana, B., Rasamimanana, H., Ratsimbazafy, J., Raveloarinoro, G., Razafimanantsoa, A., Rumpler, Y., Schwitzer, C., Thalmann, U., Wilmé, L. & Wright, P. | year=2008 | title = Eulemur cinereiceps | id = 8205 | downloaded = 6 Oct 2008}}
- ↑ Mittermeier, pp. 278–279
- ↑ {{MSW3 Groves|id=12100038|heading=''Eulemur collaris''}}
- ↑ {{IUCN2008|assessors=Andrainarivo, C., Andriaholinirina, V. N., Feistner, A., Felix, T., Ganzhorn, J., Garbutt, N., Golden, C., Konstant, B., Louis Jr., E., Meyers, D., Mittermeier, R. A., Perieras, A., Princee, F., Rabarivola, J. C., Rakotosamimanana, B., Rasamimanana, H., Ratsimbazafy, J., Raveloarinoro, G., Razafimanantsoa, A., Rumpler, Y., Schwitzer, C., Thalmann, U., Wilmé, L. & Wright, P.|year=2008|id=8206|title=Eulemur collaris|downloaded=1 January 2009}}
- ↑ Mittermeier, pp. 297–299
- ↑ {{MSW3 Groves|page=115|id=12100039|heading=''Eulemur coronatus''}}
- ↑ {{IUCN2008|assessors=Andrainarivo, C., Andriaholinirina, V. N., Feistner, A., Felix, T., Ganzhorn, J., Garbutt, N., Golden, C., Konstant, B., Louis Jr., E., Meyers, D., Mittermeier, R. A., Perieras, A., Princee, F., Rabarivola, J. C., Rakotosamimanana, B., Rasamimanana, H., Ratsimbazafy, J., Raveloarinoro, G., Razafimanantsoa, A., Rumpler, Y., Schwitzer, C., Thalmann, U., Wilmé, L. & Wright, P.|year=2008|id=8199|title=Eulemur coronatus|downloaded=1 January 2009}}
- ↑ Mittermeier, pp. 291–293
- ↑ {{IUCN2008|assessors=Andrainarivo, C., Andriaholinirina, V.N., Feistner, A., Felix, T., Ganzhorn, J., Garbutt, N., Golden, C., Konstant, B., Louis Jr., E., Meyers, D., Mittermeier, R.A., Perieras, A., Princee, F., Rabarivola, J.C., Rakotosamimanana, B., Rasamimanana, H., Ratsimbazafy, J., Raveloarinoro, G., Razafimanantsoa, A., Rumpler, Y., Schwitzer, C., Sussman, R., Thalmann, U., Wilmé, L. & Wright, P.|year=2008|id=8211|title=Eulemur macaco ''ssp.'' flavifrons|downloaded=3 May 2009}}
- ↑ Mittermeier, pp. 272–274
- ↑ {{MSW3 Groves|page=115|id=12100040|heading=''Eulemur fulvus''}}
- ↑ {{IUCN2008 | assessors = Andrainarivo, C., Andriaholinirina, V. N., Feistner, A., Felix, T., Ganzhorn, J., Garbutt, N., Golden, C., Konstant, B., Louis Jr., E., Meyers, D., Mittermeier, R. A., Perieras, A., Princee, F., Rabarivola, J. C., Rakotosamimanana, B., Rasamimanana, H., Ratsimbazafy, J., Raveloarinoro, G., Razafimanantsoa, A., Rumpler, Y., Schwitzer, C., Thalmann, U., Wilmé, L. & Wright, P. | year = 2008 | id = 8207 | title = Eulemur fulvus | downloaded = 7 October 2008}} Listed as Near Threatened (NT v3.1)
- ↑ Mittermeier, pp. 288–290
- ↑ {{MSW3 Groves|page=115|id=12100041|heading=''Eulemur macaco''}}
- ↑ {{IUCN2008|assessors=Andrainarivo, C., Andriaholinirina, V. N., Feistner, A., Felix, T., Ganzhorn, J., Garbutt, N., Golden, C., Konstant, B., Louis Jr., E., Meyers, D., Mittermeier, R. A., Perieras, A., Princee, F., Rabarivola, J. C., Rakotosamimanana, B., Rasamimanana, H., Ratsimbazafy, J., Raveloarinoro, G., Razafimanantsoa, A., Rumpler, Y., Schwitzer, C., Sussman, R., Thalmann, U., Wilmé, L. & Wright, P.|year=2008|id=8201|title=Eulemur macaco|downloaded=1 January 2009}}
- ↑ Mittermeier, pp. 300–302
- ↑ {{MSW3 Groves|page=115|id=12100044|heading=''Eulemur mongoz''}}
- ↑ Mittermeier, pp. 294–296
- ↑ {{MSW3 Groves|page=116|id=12100045|heading=''Eulemur rubriventer''}}
- ↑ {{IUCN2008 | assessors = Andrainarivo, C., Andriaholinirina, V. N., Feistner, A., Felix, T., Ganzhorn, J., Garbutt, N., Golden, C., Konstant, B., Louis Jr., E., Meyers, D., Mittermeier, R. A., Perieras, A., Princee, F., Rabarivola, J. C., Rakotosamimanana, B., Rasamimanana, H., Ratsimbazafy, J., Raveloarinoro, G., Razafimanantsoa, A., Rumpler, Y., Schwitzer, C., Thalmann, U., Wilmé, L. & Wright, P. | year = 2008 | id=8203 | title = Eulemur rubriventer | downloaded = 7 October 2008}}
- ↑ Mittermeier, pp. 275–277
- ↑ {{IUCN2008 | assessors = Andrainarivo, C., Andriaholinirina, V.N., Feistner, A., Felix, T., Ganzhorn, J., Garbutt, N., Golden, C., Konstant, B., Louis Jr., E., Meyers, D., Mittermeier, R.A., Perieras, A., Princee, F., Rabarivola, J.C., Rakotosamimanana, B., Rasamimanana, H., Ratsimbazafy, J., Raveloarinoro, G., Razafimanantsoa, A., Rumpler, Y., Schwitzer, C., Thalmann, U., Wilmé, L. & Wright, P. | year = 2008 | id = 136269 | title = Eulemur rufifrons | downloaded = 3 May 2009}}
- ↑ {{IUCN2008 | assessors = Hoffmann, M. | year = 2008 | id = 8209 | title = Eulemur rufus | downloaded = 7 October 2008}}
- ↑ Mittermeier, pp. 285–287
- ↑ {{MSW3 Groves|page=114|id=12100047|heading=''Eulemur sanfordi''}}
- ↑ {{IUCN2008|assessors=Andrainarivo, C., Andriaholinirina, V. N., Feistner, A., Felix, T., Ganzhorn, J., Garbutt, N., Golden, C., Konstant, B., Louis Jr., E., Meyers, D., Mittermeier, R. A., Perieras, A., Princee, F., Rabarivola, J. C., Rakotosamimanana, B., Rasamimanana, H., Ratsimbazafy, J., Raveloarinoro, G., Razafimanantsoa, A., Rumpler, Y., Schwitzer, C., Thalmann, U., Wilmé, L. & Wright, P.|year=2008|id=8210|title=Eulemur sanfordi|downloaded=1 January 2009}}
- ↑ Mittermeier, pp. 222–225
- ↑ {{MSW3 Groves|page=116|id=12100049|heading=''Hapalemur alaotrensis''}}
- ↑ {{IUCN2008|assessors=Andrainarivo, C., Andriaholinirina, V. N., Feistner, A., Felix, T., Ganzhorn, J., Garbutt, N., Golden, C., Konstant, B., Louis Jr., E., Meyers, D., Mittermeier, R. A., Perieras, A., Princee, F., Rabarivola, J. C., Rakotosamimanana, B., Rasamimanana, H., Ratsimbazafy, J., Raveloarinoro, G., Razafimanantsoa, A., Rumpler, Y., Schwitzer, C., Thalmann, U., Wilmé, L. & Wright, P.|year=2008|id=9676|title=Hapalemur alaotrensis|downloaded=1 January 2009}}
- ↑ Mittermeier, pp. 228–230
- ↑ {{MSW3 Groves|page=116|id=12100050|heading=''Hapalemur aureus''}}
- ↑ {{IUCN2008|assessors=Andrainarivo, C., Andriaholinirina, V. N., Feistner, A., Felix, T., Ganzhorn, J., Garbutt, N., Golden, C., Konstant, B., Louis Jr., E., Meyers, D., Mittermeier, R. A., Perieras, A., Princee, F., Rabarivola, J. C., Rakotosamimanana, B., Rasamimanana, H., Ratsimbazafy, J., Raveloarinoro, G., Razafimanantsoa, A., Rumpler, Y., Schwitzer, C., Thalmann, U., Wilmé, L. & Wright, P.|year=2008|id=9672|title=Hapalemur aureus|downloaded=1 January 2009}}
- ↑ {{LoM3 Harvnb | pages = 326–327}}
- ↑ {{IUCN2010.4|assessors=Hoffmann, M.|year=2010|id=136894|title=Hapalemur griseus ssp. gilberti|downloaded=18 November 2010}}
- ↑ Mittermeier, pp. 216–219
- ↑ {{MSW3 Groves|page=116|id=12100051|heading=''Hapalemur griseus''}}
- ↑ {{LoM3 Harvnb | pages = 328–331}}
- ↑ Mittermeier, pp. 226–227
- ↑ Garbutt, p. 140
- ↑ {{MSW3 Groves|page=116|id=12100053|heading=''Hapalemur meridionalis''}}
- ↑ {{IUCN2008|assessors=Andrainarivo, C., Andriaholinirina, V. N., Feistner, A., Felix, T., Ganzhorn, J., Garbutt, N., Golden, C., Konstant, B., Louis Jr., E., Meyers, D., Mittermeier, R. A., Perieras, A., Princee, F., Rabarivola, J. C., Rakotosamimanana, B., Rasamimanana, H., Ratsimbazafy, J., Raveloarinoro, G., Razafimanantsoa, A., Rumpler, Y., Schwitzer, C., Thalmann, U., Wilmé, L. & Wright, P.|year=2008|id=136384|title=Hapalemur meridionalis|downloaded=1 January 2009}}
- ↑ Mittermeier, pp. 220–221
- ↑ {{MSW3 Groves|page=116-117|id=12100054|heading=''Hapalemur occidentalis''}}
- ↑ {{IUCN2008|assessors=Andrainarivo, C., Andriaholinirina, V. N., Feistner, A., Felix, T., Ganzhorn, J., Garbutt, N., Golden, C., Konstant, B., Louis Jr., E., Meyers, D., Mittermeier, R. A., Perieras, A., Princee, F., Rabarivola, J. C., Rakotosamimanana, B., Rasamimanana, H., Ratsimbazafy, J., Raveloarinoro, G., Razafimanantsoa, A., Rumpler, Y., Schwitzer, C., Thalmann, U., Wilmé, L. & Wright, P.|year=2008|id=9678|title=Hapalemur occidentalis|downloaded=1 January 2009}}
- ↑ Mittermeier, pp. 246–249
- ↑ {{MSW3 Groves|page=117|id=12100056|heading=''Lemur catta''}}
- ↑ {{IUCN2008|assessors=Andrainarivo, C., Andriaholinirina, V. N., Feistner, A., Felix, T., Ganzhorn, J., Garbutt, N., Golden, C., Konstant, B., Louis Jr., E., Meyers, D., Mittermeier, R. A., Perieras, A., Princee, F., Rabarivola, J. C., Rakotosamimanana, B., Rasamimanana, H., Ratsimbazafy, J., Raveloarinoro, G., Razafimanantsoa, A., Rumpler, Y., Schwitzer, C., Sussman, R., Thalmann, U., Wilmé, L. & Wright, P.|year=2008|id=11496|title=Lemur catta|downloaded=1 January 2009}}
- ↑ Mittermeier, pp. 234–236
- ↑ {{MSW3 Groves|page=117|id=12100058|heading=''Prolemur simus''}}
- ↑ {{IUCN2008|assessors=Andrainarivo, C., Andriaholinirina, V. N., Feistner, A., Felix, T., Ganzhorn, J., Garbutt, N., Golden, C., Konstant, B., Louis Jr., E., Meyers, D., Mittermeier, R. A., Perieras, A., Princee, F., Rabarivola, J. C., Rakotosamimanana, B., Rasamimanana, H., Ratsimbazafy, J., Raveloarinoro, G., Razafimanantsoa, A., Rumpler, Y., Schwitzer, C., Thalmann, U., Wilmé, L. & Wright, P.|year=2008|id=9674|title=Prolemur simus|downloaded=1 January 2009}}
- ↑ Mittermeier, pp. 321–323
- ↑ {{MSW3 Groves|page=117|id=12100060|heading=''Varecia rubra''}}
- ↑ {{IUCN2008|assessors=Andrainarivo, C., Andriaholinirina, V. N., Feistner, A., Felix, T., Ganzhorn, J., Garbutt, N., Golden, C., Konstant, B., Louis Jr., E., Meyers, D., Mittermeier, R. A., Perieras, A., Princee, F., Rabarivola, J. C., Rakotosamimanana, B., Rasamimanana, H., Ratsimbazafy, J., Raveloarinoro, G., Razafimanantsoa, A., Rumpler, Y., Schwitzer, C., Thalmann, U., Wilmé, L. & Wright, P.|year=2008|id=22920|title=Varecia rubra|downloaded=6 Oct 2008}}
- ↑ Mittermeier, pp. 317–318
- ↑ {{MSW3 Groves|id=12100063|heading=''Varecia variegata editorum''}}
- ↑ {{IUCN2008|assessors=Andrainarivo, C., Andriaholinirina, V. N., Feistner, A., Felix, T., Ganzhorn, J., Garbutt, N., Golden, C., Konstant, B., Louis Jr., E., Meyers, D., Mittermeier, R. A., Perieras, A., Princee, F., Rabarivola, J. C., Rakotosamimanana, B., Rasamimanana, H., Ratsimbazafy, J., Raveloarinoro, G., Razafimanantsoa, A., Rumpler, Y., Schwitzer, C., Thalmann, U., Wilmé, L. & Wright, P.|year=2008|id=136895|title=Varecia variegata ssp. editorum|downloaded=3 May 2009}}
- ↑ Mittermeier, pp. 319–320
- ↑ {{MSW3 Groves|id=12100064|heading=''Varecia variegata subcincta''}}
- ↑ {{IUCN2008|assessors=Andrainarivo, C., Andriaholinirina, V. N., Feistner, A., Felix, T., Ganzhorn, J., Garbutt, N., Golden, C., Konstant, B., Louis Jr., E., Meyers, D., Mittermeier, R. A., Perieras, A., Princee, F., Rabarivola, J. C., Rakotosamimanana, B., Rasamimanana, H., Ratsimbazafy, J., Raveloarinoro, G., Razafimanantsoa, A., Rumpler, Y., Schwitzer, C., Thalmann, U., Wilmé, L. & Wright, P.|year=2008|id=136934|title=Varecia variegata ssp. subcincta|downloaded=3 May 2009}}
- ↑ Mittermeier, pp. 315–316
- ↑ {{MSW3 Groves|id=12100062|heading=''Varecia variegata variegata''}}
- ↑ {{IUCN2008|assessors=Andrainarivo, C., Andriaholinirina, V. N., Feistner, A., Felix, T., Ganzhorn, J., Garbutt, N., Golden, C., Konstant, B., Louis Jr., E., Meyers, D., Mittermeier, R. A., Perieras, A., Princee, F., Rabarivola, J. C., Rakotosamimanana, B., Rasamimanana, H., Ratsimbazafy, J., Raveloarinoro, G., Razafimanantsoa, A., Rumpler, Y., Schwitzer, C., Thalmann, U., Wilmé, L. & Wright, P.|year=2008|id=22919|title=Varecia variegata ssp. variegata|downloaded=3 May 2009}}
- ↑ Garbutt, pp. 130–131
- ↑ {{IUCN2008|assessors=Hoffmann, M.|year=2008|id=136376|title=Lepilemur aeeclis|downloaded=1 January 2009}}
- ↑ Garbutt, p. 131
- ↑ {{IUCN2008|assessors=Hoffmann, M.|year=2008|id=136843|title=Lepilemur ahmansonorum|downloaded=1 January 2009}}
- ↑ Mittermeier, pp. 204–205
- ↑ {{MSW3 Groves|page=118|id=12100067|heading=''Lepilemur ankaranensis''}}
- ↑ {{IUCN2008|assessors=Andrainarivo, C., Andriaholinirina, V. N., Feistner, A., Felix, T., Ganzhorn, J., Garbutt, N., Golden, C., Konstant, B., Louis Jr., E., Meyers, D., Mittermeier, R. A., Perieras, A., Princee, F., Rabarivola, J. C., Rakotosamimanana, B., Rasamimanana, H., Ratsimbazafy, J., Raveloarinoro, G., Razafimanantsoa, A., Rumpler, Y., Schwitzer, C., Thalmann, U., Wilmé, L. & Wright, P.|year=2008|id=136731|title=Lepilemur ankaranensis|downloaded=1 January 2009}}
- ↑ Garbutt, pp. 116–117
- ↑ {{IUCN2008|assessors=Hoffmann, M.|year=2008|id=136662|title=Lepilemur betsileo|downloaded=1 January 2009}}
- ↑ Mittermeier, pp. 202–203
- ↑ {{MSW3 Groves|page=118|id=12100068|heading=''Lepilemur dorsalis''}}
- ↑ {{IUCN2008|assessors=Hoffmann, M.|year=2008|id=11616|title=Lepilemur dorsalis|downloaded=1 January 2009}}
- ↑ Mittermeier, pp. 200–201
- ↑ {{MSW3 Groves|page=118|id=12100069|heading=''Lepilemur edwardsi''}}
- ↑ Garbutt, p. 120
- ↑ {{IUCN2008|assessors=Hoffmann, M.|year=2008|id=136263|title=Lepilemur fleuretae|downloaded=1 January 2009}}
- ↑ Garbutt, p. 128
- ↑ {{IUCN2008|assessors=Hoffmann, M.|year=2008|id=136771|title=Lepilemur grewcockorum|downloaded=1 January 2009}}
- ↑ Garbutt, p. 134
- ↑ {{IUCN2008|assessors=Hoffmann, M.|year=2008|id=136761|title=Lepilemur hubbardorum|downloaded=1 January 2009}}
- ↑ Garbutt, pp. 118–119
- ↑ {{IUCN2008|assessors=Hoffmann, M.|year=2008|id=136491|title=Lepilemur jamesorum|downloaded=1 January 2009}}
- ↑ Mittermeier, pp. 196–197
- ↑ {{MSW3 Groves|page=118|id=12100070|heading=''Lepilemur leucopus''}}
- ↑ {{IUCN2008|assessors=Hoffmann, M.|year=2008|id=11618|title=Lepilemur leucopus|downloaded=1 January 2009}}
- ↑ Mittermeier, pp. 194–195
- ↑ {{MSW3 Groves|page=118|id=12100071|heading=''Lepilemur microdon''}}
- ↑ {{IUCN2008|assessors=Hoffmann, M.|year=2008|id=11619|title=Lepilemur microdon|downloaded=1 January 2009}}
- ↑ Garbutt, p. 122
- ↑ {{IUCN2008|assessors=Hoffmann, M.|year=2008|id=136609|title=Lepilemur milanoii|downloaded=1 January 2009}}
- ↑ {{IUCN2008|assessors=Hoffmann, M.|year=2008|id=136622|title=Lepilemur mittermeieri|downloaded=3 May 2009}}
- ↑ Mittermeier, pp. 192–193
- ↑ {{MSW3 Groves|pages=118–119|id=12100072|heading=''Lepilemur mustelinus''}}
- ↑ {{IUCN2008|assessors=Andrainarivo, C., Andriaholinirina, V. N., Feistner, A., Felix, T., Ganzhorn, J., Garbutt, N., Golden, C., Konstant, B., Louis Jr., E., Meyers, D., Mittermeier, R. A., Perieras, A., Princee, F., Rabarivola, J. C., Rakotosamimanana, B., Rasamimanana, H., Ratsimbazafy, J., Raveloarinoro, G., Razafimanantsoa, A., Rumpler, Y., Schwitzer, C., Thalmann, U., Wilmé, L. & Wright, P.|year=2008|id=11620|title=Lepilemur mustelinus|downloaded=1 January 2009}}
- ↑ {{IUCN2008|assessors=Hoffmann, M.|year=2008|id=136796|title=Lepilemur otto|downloaded=1 January 2009}}
- ↑ Garbutt, pp. 134–135
- ↑ {{IUCN2008|assessors=Hoffmann, M.|year=2008|id=136677|title=Lepilemur petteri|downloaded=1 January 2009}}
- ↑ Garbutt, p. 132
- ↑ {{IUCN2008|assessors=Hoffmann, M.|year=2008|id=136254|title=Lepilemur randrianasoloi|downloaded=1 January 2009}}
- ↑ Mittermeier, pp. 198–199
- ↑ {{MSW3 Groves|page=119|id=12100073|heading=''Lepilemur ruficaudatus''}}
- ↑ Garbutt, pp. 127–128
- ↑ {{IUCN2008|assessors=Olivieri, G., Schwitzer, C., Schwitzer, N. & Craul, M.|year=2008|id=136645|title=Lepilemur sahamalazensis|downloaded=1 January 2009}}
- ↑ Garbutt, pp. 120–121
- ↑ {{IUCN2008|assessors=Hoffmann, M.|year=2008|id=136707|title=Lepilemur seali|downloaded=1 January 2009}}
- ↑ Mittermeier, pp. 206–207
- ↑ {{MSW3 Groves|page=118|id=12100074|heading=''Lepilemur septentrionalis''}}
- ↑ {{IUCN2008|assessors=Andrainarivo, C., Andriaholinirina, V. N., Feistner, A., Felix, T., Ganzhorn, J., Garbutt, N., Golden, C., Konstant, B., Louis Jr., E., Meyers, D., Mittermeier, R. A., Perieras, A., Princee, F., Rabarivola, J. C., Rakotosamimanana, B., Rasamimanana, H., Ratsimbazafy, J., Raveloarinoro, G., Razafimanantsoa, A., Rumpler, Y., Schwitzer, C., Thalmann, U., Wilmé, L. & Wright, P.|year=2008|id=11622|title=Lepilemur septentrionalis|downloaded=1 January 2009}}
- ↑ Garbutt, pp. 126–127
- ↑ {{IUCN2008|assessors=Hoffmann, M.|year=2008|id=136709|title=Lepilemur tymerlachsonorum|downloaded=1 January 2009}}
- ↑ Garbutt, pp. 119–120
- ↑ {{IUCN2008|assessors=Hoffmann, M.|year=2008|id=136311|title=Lepilemur wrightae|downloaded=1 January 2009}}
- ↑ {{Cite journal| last1 = Ramaromilanto | first1 = B. | last2 = Lei | first2 = R. | last3 = Engberg | first3 = S.E. | last4 = Johnson | first4 = S.E. | last5 = Sitzmann | first5 = B.D. | last6 = Louis, Jr. | first6 = E.E. | url = http://www.nsrl.ttu.edu/publications/opapers/ops/OP286.pdf | title = Sportive lemur diversity at Mananara-Nord Biosphere Reserve, Madagascar | journal = Occasional Papers | publisher = Museum of Texas Tech University | issue = 286 | pages = 1–22 | year = 2009 | accessdate = 2009-05-23 | issn = 0149-175X | oclc = 424383680}}
- ↑ {{IUCN2008|assessors=Hoffmann, M.|year=2008|id=136767|title=Avahi betsileo|downloaded=1 January 2009}}
- ↑ Mittermeier, pp. 339–340
- ↑ {{IUCN2008|assessors=Thalmann, U., Geissmann, T. & Hoffmann, M.|year=2008|id=136335|title=Avahi cleesei|downloaded=1 January 2009}}
- ↑ Mittermeier, pp. 332–334
- ↑ {{MSW3 Groves|page=119|id=12100077|heading=''Avahi laniger''}}
- ↑ {{IUCN2008|assessors=Andrainarivo, C., Andriaholinirina, V. N., Feistner, A., Felix, T., Ganzhorn, J., Garbutt, N., Golden, C., Konstant, B., Louis Jr., E., Meyers, D., Mittermeier, R. A., Perieras, A., Princee, F., Rabarivola, J. C., Rakotosamimanana, B., Rasamimanana, H., Ratsimbazafy, J., Raveloarinoro, G., Razafimanantsoa, A., Rumpler, Y., Schwitzer, C., Thalmann, U., Wilmé, L. & Wright, P.|year=2008|id=2434|title=Avahi laniger|downloaded=1 January 2009}}
- ↑ {{IUCN2008|assessors=Hoffmann, M.|year=2008|id=136369|title=Avahi meridionalis|downloaded=1 January 2009}}
- ↑ Mittermeier, pp. 335–336
- ↑ {{MSW3 Groves|page=119|id=12100078|heading=''Avahi occidentalis''}}
- ↑ {{IUCN2008|assessors=Andrainarivo, C., Andriaholinirina, V. N., Feistner, A., Felix, T., Ganzhorn, J., Garbutt, N., Golden, C., Konstant, B., Louis Jr., E., Meyers, D., Mittermeier, R. A., Perieras, A., Princee, F., Rabarivola, J. C., Rakotosamimanana, B., Rasamimanana, H., Ratsimbazafy, J., Raveloarinoro, G., Razafimanantsoa, A., Rumpler, Y., Schwitzer, C., Thalmann, U., Wilmé, L. & Wright, P.|year=2008|id=2435|title=Avahi occidentalis|downloaded=1 January 2009}}
- ↑ {{IUCN2008|assessors=Hoffmann, M.|year=2008|id=136285|title=Avahi peyrierasi|downloaded=1 January 2009}}
- ↑ {{IUCN2008|assessors=Hoffmann, M.|year=2008|id=136434|title=Avahi ramanantsoavanai|downloaded=1 January 2009}}
- ↑ Mittermeier, pp. 337–338
- ↑ Garbutt, pp. 180–181
- ↑ {{MSW3 Groves|page=119|id=12100079|heading=''Avahi unicolor''}}
- ↑ {{IUCN2008|assessors=Andrainarivo, C., Andriaholinirina, V. N., Feistner, A., Felix, T., Ganzhorn, J., Garbutt, N., Golden, C., Konstant, B., Louis Jr., E., Meyers, D., Mittermeier, R. A., Perieras, A., Princee, F., Rabarivola, J. C., Rakotosamimanana, B., Rasamimanana, H., Ratsimbazafy, J., Raveloarinoro, G., Razafimanantsoa, A., Rumpler, Y., Schwitzer, C., Thalmann, U., Wilmé, L. & Wright, P.|year=2008|id=41579|title=Avahi unicolor|downloaded=1 January 2009}}
- ↑ Mittermeier, pp. 399–403
- ↑ {{MSW3 Groves|page=120|id=12100081|heading=''Indri indri''}}
- ↑ {{IUCN2008|assessors=Andrainarivo, C., Andriaholinirina, V. N., Feistner, A., Felix, T., Ganzhorn, J., Garbutt, N., Golden, C., Konstant, B., Louis Jr., E., Meyers, D., Mittermeier, R. A., Perieras, A., Princee, F., Rabarivola, J. C., Rakotosamimanana, B., Rasamimanana, H., Ratsimbazafy, J., Raveloarinoro, G., Razafimanantsoa, A., Rumpler, Y., Schwitzer, C., Thalmann, U., Wilmé, L. & Wright, P.|year=2008|id=10826|title=Indri indri|downloaded=1 January 2009}}
- ↑ Mittermeier, pp. 383–387
- ↑ {{MSW3 Groves|id=12100091|heading=''Propithecus candidus''}}
- ↑ {{IUCN2008|assessors=Andrainarivo, C., Andriaholinirina, V. N., Feistner, A., Felix, T., Ganzhorn, J., Garbutt, N., Golden, C., Konstant, B., Louis Jr., E., Meyers, D., Mittermeier, R. A., Patel, E., Perieras, A., Princee, F., Rabarivola, J. C., Rakotosamimanana, B., Rasamimanana, H., Ratsimbazafy, J., Raveloarinoro, G., Razafimanantsoa, A., Rumpler, Y., Schwitzer, C., Thalmann, U., Wilmé, L. & Wright, P.|year=2008|id=18360|title=Propithecus candidus|downloaded=1 January 2009}}
- ↑ Mittermeier, pp. 370–372
- ↑ {{MSW3 Groves|page=120|id=12100085|heading=''Propithecus coquereli''}}
- ↑ Mittermeier, pp. 367–369
- ↑ {{MSW3 Groves|id=12100088|heading=''Propithecus coronatus''}}
- ↑ {{IUCN2008|assessors=Andrainarivo, C., Andriaholinirina, V. N., Feistner, A., Felix, T., Ganzhorn, J., Garbutt, N., Golden, C., Konstant, B., Louis Jr., E., Meyers, D., Mittermeier, R. A., Perieras, A., Princee, F., Rabarivola, J. C., Rakotosamimanana, B., Rasamimanana, H., Ratsimbazafy, J., Raveloarinoro, G., Razafimanantsoa, A., Rumpler, Y., Schwitzer, C., Thalmann, U., Wilmé, L. & Wright, P.|year=2008|id=18356|title=Propithecus coronatus|downloaded=1 January 2009}}
- ↑ Mittermeier, pp. 364–366
- ↑ {{MSW3 Groves|id=12100086|heading=''Propithecus deckenii''}}
- ↑ {{IUCN2008|assessors=Andrainarivo, C., Andriaholinirina, V. N., Feistner, A., Felix, T., Ganzhorn, J., Garbutt, N., Golden, C., Konstant, B., Louis Jr., E., Meyers, D., Mittermeier, R. A., Perieras, A., Princee, F., Rabarivola, J. C., Rakotosamimanana, B., Rasamimanana, H., Ratsimbazafy, J., Raveloarinoro, G., Razafimanantsoa, A., Rumpler, Y., Schwitzer, C., Thalmann, U., Wilmé, L. & Wright, P.|year=2008|id=18357|title=Propithecus deckenii|downloaded=1 January 2009}}
- ↑ Mittermeier, pp. 376–379
- ↑ {{MSW3 Groves|page=120|id=12100089|heading=''Propithecus diadema''}}
- ↑ {{IUCN2008|assessors=Andrainarivo, C., Andriaholinirina, V. N., Feistner, A., Felix, T., Ganzhorn, J., Garbutt, N., Golden, C., Konstant, B., Louis Jr., E., Meyers, D., Mittermeier, R. A., Perieras, A., Princee, F., Rabarivola, J. C., Rakotosamimanana, B., Rasamimanana, H., Ratsimbazafy, J., Raveloarinoro, G., Razafimanantsoa, A., Rumpler, Y., Schwitzer, C., Thalmann, U., Wilmé, L. & Wright, P.|year=2008|id=18358|title=Propithecus diadema|downloaded=1 January 2009}}
- ↑ Mittermeier, pp. 380–382
- ↑ {{MSW3 Groves|page=120|id=12100092|heading=''Propithecus edwardsi''}}
- ↑ {{IUCN2008|assessors=Andrainarivo, C., Andriaholinirina, V. N., Feistner, A., Felix, T., Ganzhorn, J., Garbutt, N., Golden, C., Konstant, B., Louis Jr., E., Meyers, D., Mittermeier, R. A., Perieras, A., Princee, F., Rabarivola, J. C., Rakotosamimanana, B., Rasamimanana, H., Ratsimbazafy, J., Raveloarinoro, G., Razafimanantsoa, A., Rumpler, Y., Schwitzer, C., Thalmann, U., Wilmé, L. & Wright, P.|year=2008|id=18359|title=Propithecus edwardsi|downloaded=1 January 2009}}
- ↑ Mittermeier, pp. 388–390
- ↑ {{MSW3 Groves|id=12100093|heading=''Propithecus perrieri''}}
- ↑ {{IUCN2008|assessors=Andrainarivo, C., Andriaholinirina, V. N., Feistner, A., Felix, T., Ganzhorn, J., Garbutt, N., Golden, C., Konstant, B., Louis Jr., E., Meyers, D., Mittermeier, R. A., Perieras, A., Princee, F., Rabarivola, J. C., Rakotosamimanana, B., Rasamimanana, H., Ratsimbazafy, J., Raveloarinoro, G., Razafimanantsoa, A., Rumpler, Y., Schwitzer, C., Thalmann, U., Wilmé, L. & Wright, P.|year=2008|id=18361|title=Propithecus perrieri|downloaded=1 January 2009}}
- ↑ Mittermeier, pp. 373–375
- ↑ {{MSW3 Groves|page=121|id=12100094|heading=''Propithecus tattersalli''}}
- ↑ Mittermeier, pp. 360–363
- ↑ {{MSW3 Groves|page=121|id=12100095|heading=''Propithecus verreauxi''}}
- ↑ {{IUCN2008|assessors=Andrainarivo, C., Andriaholinirina, V. N., Feistner, A., Felix, T., Ganzhorn, J., Garbutt, N., Golden, C., Konstant, B., Louis Jr., E., Meyers, D., Mittermeier, R. A., Perieras, A., Princee, F., Rabarivola, J. C., Rakotosamimanana, B., Rasamimanana, H., Ratsimbazafy, J., Raveloarinoro, G., Razafimanantsoa, A., Rumpler, Y., Schwitzer, C., Thalmann, U., Wilmé, L. & Wright, P.|year=2008|id=18354|title=Propithecus verreauxi|downloaded=1 January 2009}}
- ↑ Mittermeier, pp. 410–415
- ↑ {{MSW3 Groves|page=121|id=12100099|heading=''Daubentonia madagascariensis''}}
- ↑ {{IUCN2008|assessors=Andrainarivo, C., ''et al.''|year=2008|id=6302|title=Daubentonia madagascariensis|downloaded=1 January 2009}}
- ↑ {{cite doi | 10.1007/s10329-011-0290-2}}
- ↑ Mittermeier, p. 23
- ↑ a b c d e f g h Mittermeier, pp. 44–46
- ↑ a b c d e f g Nowak, pp. 89–91
- ↑ {{Cite journal| author = William L. Jungers, Laurie R. Godfrey, Elwyn L. Simons, and Prithijit S. Chatrath | title = Phalangeal curvature and positional behavior in extinct sloth lemurs (Primates, Palaeopropithecidae) | date = 1997-10-28 | journal = PNAS | volume = 94 | pages= 11998–12001 | issue=22 | pmc=23681| doi = 10.1073/pnas.94.22.11998 | pmid=11038588}}
- ↑ a b c Mittermeier, p. 43
- ↑ a b c Nowak, pp. 91–92
- ↑ Mittermeier, p. 50
- ↑ Nowak, p. 92
- ↑ a b c Mittermeier, pp. 46–49
- ↑ a b c Nowak, p. 83