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Regel 24: Bij varens takt een deel van de stele (hoofdvaatbundel van de stengel) af op de plaats van een macrofyl, waardoor er een opening ontstaat in de stele. Dit heet een "bladspoor" en is kenmerkend voor de varens. !Plaats van de varens in de [[fylogenetische stamboom]] van de [[Embryophyta]] (landplanten):<ref>{{aut\|Holt, J. & C. Iudica}} (2016) [http://comenius.susqu.edu/biol/202/archaeplastida/viridiplantae/vascular%20cryptogams/pteridophyta/default.htm ''Diversity of Life. DESCRIPTION OF THE PHYLUM PTERIDOPHYTA (SCHIMPER 1879)''] Geraadpleegd: 15-05-2017.</ref>▼ ~~{\|Class="Toccolours"~~ {\|style="line-height:125%;font-size:90%;" ▲!Plaats van de varens in de [[fylogenetische stamboom]] van de [[Embryophyta]] (landplanten):<ref>{{aut\|Holt, J. & C. Iudica}} (2016) [http://comenius.susqu.edu/biol/202/archaeplastida/viridiplantae/vascular%20cryptogams/pteridophyta/default.htm ''Diversity of Life. DESCRIPTION OF THE PHYLUM PTERIDOPHYTA (SCHIMPER 1879)''] Geraadpleegd: 15-05-2017.</ref> !{{Tekstrand\|solid\|thin\|slategray\|2}} Fylogenetische stamboom van de Embryophyta tot aan de Spermatophyta \|- \|{{Tekstrand\|solid\|~~medium~~thin\|blue\|12}} {{Stamboom2}} * {{Stamboom2/einde tak}} <span style="background-color:pink;"> [[Embryophyta]] </span> (landplanten) ~~{{Tekstrand\|dashed\|thin\|lime\|12}}~~Stam [[Levermossen\|Marchantiophyta]] (Stotler & Crandall-Stotler 1977)~~, levermossen~~ <small>(→ <span style="line-height:150%;background-color:khaki;border-radius:12px;padding-left:0.1em;padding-right:0.1em;padding-top:0.1em;padding-bottom:0.1em;"> mossen s.l., bryofyten </span>)</small> {{Stamboom2/einde aftakking}} * ~~{{Tekstrand\|dashed\|thin\|lime\|12}}~~Stam [[Mossen\|Bryophyta]] (Schimper 1836)~~, mossen~~ <small>(→ <span style="line-height:150%;background-color:khaki;border-radius:12px;padding-left:0.1em;padding-right:0.1em;padding-top:0.1em;padding-bottom:0.1em;"> mossen s.l., bryofyten </span>)</small> * {{Stamboom2/einde aftakking}} ** ~~{{Tekstrand\|dashed\|thin\|lime\|12}}~~Stam [[Hauwmossen\|Anthocerotophyta]] (Stotler & Crandall-Stotler 1977)~~, hauwmossen~~ <small>(→ <span style="line-height:150%;background-color:khaki;border-radius:12px;padding-left:0.1em;padding-right:0.1em;padding-top:0.1em;padding-bottom:0.1em;"> mossen s.l., bryofyten </span>)</small> {{Stamboom2/einde tak}} [[Vaatplanten\|<span style="background-color:pink;"> Tracheophyta </span>]], (vaatplanten) * ~~{{Tekstrand\|dashed\|thin\|lime\|12}}~~ {{†}} [[Horneophyton]] <small>(→ [[<span style="line-height:150%;background-color:khaki;border-radius:12px;padding-left:0.1em;padding-right:0.1em;padding-top:0.1em;padding-bottom:0.1em;"> Rhyniophyta]] </span>)</small> * {{Stamboom2/einde aftakking}} ** ~~{{Tekstrand\|dashed\|thin\|lime\|12}}~~ {{†}} [[Aglaophyton]] <small>(→ <span style="line-height:150%;background-color:khaki;border-radius:12px;padding-left:0.1em;padding-right:0.1em;padding-top:0.1em;padding-bottom:0.1em;"> Rhyniophyta </span>)</small> ** {{Stamboom2/einde aftakking}} *** ~~{{Tekstrand\|dashed\|thin\|lime\|12}}~~ {{†}} [[Rhyniales]] <small>(→ <span style="line-height:150%;background-color:khaki;border-radius:12px;padding-left:0.1em;padding-right:0.1em;padding-top:0.1em;padding-bottom:0.1em;"> Rhyniophyta </span>)</small> *** {{Stamboom2/einde aftakking}} **** {{Stamboom2/aftakking}} ***** {{†}} Stam [[Zosterophyllophyta]] (Banks 1975) ***** {{Stamboom2/einde tak}} Stam [[Lycopsida\|Lycopodophyta]] (Cronquist & al. 1966) **** {{Stamboom2/einde tak}} <span style="background-color:pink;"> [[Euphyllophyta]] </span> (Kenrick & Crane 1997) ***** {{†}} Stam [[Trimerophytophyta]] (Banks 1975) ***** {{Stamboom2/einde aftakking}} ****** [[Cladoxylidopsida]] ****** {{Tekstrand\|double\|medium\|blue\|12}} <span style="background-color:pink;"> [[Pteridophyta]] </span> (Schimper 1879), varens▼ ******* ~~[[Psilotopsida]]~~{{Stamboom2/einde aftakking}} ******** [[~~Ophioglossales~~Coenopteridopsida]] ******** {{Stamboom2/einde tak}} [[Psilotales]]▼ ******* {{Stamboom2/einde aftakking}} ▲******** ~~{{Tekstrand\|double\|medium\|blue\|12}}~~Stam <span style="background-color:pink;"> [[Pteridophyta]] </span> (Schimper 1879), varens ******** {{Stamboom2/einde aftakking}}▼ ********* [[~~Equisetopsida~~Psilotopsida]] *********** ~~{{Stamboom2/einde tak}}~~* [[~~Marattiopsida~~Ophioglossales]] ************ {{Stamboom2/einde tak}} [[~~Polypodiopsida~~Psilotales]] ~~(leptosporangiate varens)~~ ********* {{Stamboom2/einde ~~tak~~aftakking}} ~~<span style="background-color:pink;"> [[Lignophyta]] </span>~~ ▲********** {{Stamboom2/einde aftakking}} ******* {{Tekstrand\|dashed\|thin\|lime\|12}} {{†}} [[Aneurophytales]] <small>(→ [[Progymnospermophyta]])</small> *********** ~~{{Stamboom2/einde aftakking}}~~[[Equisetopsida]] *********** {{Stamboom2/~~aftakking~~einde tak}} [[Marattiopsida]] ********** {{~~Tekstrand\|dashed\|thin\|lime\|12}}~~Stamboom2/einde ~~{{†~~tak}} [[~~Protopityales~~Polypodiopsida]] ~~<small>~~(→leptosporangiate ~~Progymnospermophyta~~varens)~~</small>~~ ********* {{Stamboom2/einde tak}} ~~{{Tekstrand\|dashed\|thin\|lime\|12}} {{†}}~~<span style="background-color:pink;"> [[~~Archaeopteridales~~Lignophyta]] ~~<small>(→ Progymnospermophyta)~~ </~~small~~span> ********* {{~~Stamboom2/einde tak~~†}} [[Aneurophytales]] <small>(→ <span style="line-height:150%;background-color:~~pink~~khaki;border-radius:12px;padding-left:0.1em;padding-right:0.1em;padding-top:0.1em;padding-bottom:0.1em;"> [[~~Zaadplanten\|Spermatophyta~~Progymnospermophyta]] </span>~~, zaadplanten~~)</small> ▲********* {{Stamboom2/einde ~~tak~~aftakking}} ~~[[Psilotales]]~~ ********** {{Stamboom2/aftakking}} *********** {{†}} [[Protopityales]] <small>(→ <span style="line-height:150%;background-color:khaki;border-radius:12px;padding-left:0.1em;padding-right:0.1em;padding-top:0.1em;padding-bottom:0.1em;"> Progymnospermophyta </span>)</small> *********** {{Stamboom2/einde tak}} {{†}} [[Archaeopteridales]] <small>(→ <span style="line-height:150%;background-color:khaki;border-radius:12px;padding-left:0.1em;padding-right:0.1em;padding-top:0.1em;padding-bottom:0.1em;"> Progymnospermophyta </span>)</small> ************ {{Stamboom2/einde tak}} <span style="background-color:pink;"> [[Zaadplanten\|Spermatophyta]] </span>, zaadplanten {{Stamboom2/einde}} \|- \|{{Tekstrand\|solid\|thin\|slategray\|2}} \| : <span style="background-color:pink;"> taxonomische groep; benoemde clade </span> <small>(een [[monofyletisch]]e groep)</small> : <small>(→ <span style="line-height:150%;background-color:khaki;border-radius:12px;padding-left:0.1em;padding-right:0.1em;padding-top:0.1em;padding-bottom:0.1em;"> behoort tot de ... </span>)</small> wordt ook gerekend tot een [[polyfyletisch]]e groep ~~<!--:{{Tekstrand\|dotted\|medium\|slategray\|12}} een niet-[[monofyletisch]]e groep-->~~ ~~:{{Tekstrand\|dashed\|thin\|lime\|12}} wordt ook gerekend tot een niet-[[monofyletisch]]e groep <small>(→ behoort tot de ...)</small>~~ \|}

Pteropsida: verschil tussen versies