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Franz von Weyrother (Wenen, 1755 – Wenen, 16 Februari 1806) was een Oostenrijks generaal tijdens de Franse revolutionaire oorlogen en de Napoleontische oorlogen.

Carrière

Weyrother werd geboren in Wenen als de zoon van generaal van de cavalerie Adam von Weyrother. Na zijn studies aan de militaire academie engineering, betrad hij het Franz Moritz von Lacy Infantry Regiment # 22 als een cadet in 1775. Hij werd bevorderd tot luitenant twee jaar later. In augustus van dat jaar werd hij benoemd tot adjudant van de general Wenzel Colloredo, waarbij hij in dienst bleef tot 1783.

Weyrother deelgenomen aan de Oostenrijks-Turkse oorlogen tussen 1787 en 1791, stond onder bevel van maarschalk Maximiliaan Ulysses Browne gelegenheid de rang van kapitein verdienen. Tijdens de eerste fase van de oorlog van de Eerste Coalitieoorlog, Weyrother geserveerd in Mainz. Bevorderd tot de rang van majoor in 1795, raakte gewond aan Weisenau. Na zijn herstel werd hij gestuurd om deel te nemen in het leger van de Rijn onder het bevel van aartshertog Karel, hertog van Teschen. In 1795 werd hij benoemd tot ridder in de Militaire Orde van Maria Theresia.

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Italy and Bavaria

In September 1796, Weyrother transferred to Northern Italy where he fought in the Battle of Bassano under Field Marshal Dagobert von Wurmser. Later he served on the staff of Feldzeugmeister József Alvinczi. In this capacity, he helped plan the campaign that ended in a narrow defeat by Bonaparte at the Battle of Arcola. His plan for the Battle of Rivoli provided for three widely separated striking forces and unrealistically called for one flanking column to march across mountainous terrain in January. Rivoli ended in a decisive Austrian defeat and the consequent surrender of the fortress of Mantua.

During the campaign of 1799, Weyrother served as chief of staff to Feldzeugmeister Pál Kray, where he distinguished himself at Legnago (26 March), Magnano (5 April) and Novi (15 August). He also planned an epic march by Russian Field Marshal Alexander Suvorov across the Saint Gotthard Pass. For his conduct in these actions he was promoted to colonel (Oberst), given command of the Schröder Infantry Regiment # 7, and mentioned in dispatches to Kaiser Francis II of Austria by Suvorov. In the fall of 1800, Francis II assigned him to be chief-of-staff to the 18-year old Archduke John of Austria, the new commander of the army in Bavaria. Believing Jean Moreau's French army to be in retreat, Weyrother organized an aggressive pursuit through heavily forested terrain by four non-mutually-supporting columns. Instead, Moreau stood his ground, sprang an ambush, and enveloped the Austrian left flank. The resulting Battle of Hohenlinden turned out to be a catastrophe for the Austrians, effectively ending the War of the Second Coalition.

Napoleonic Wars

When the War of the Third Coalition broke out, Weyrother was promoted to General-Major and at the request of General Mikhail Kutusov he was made chief of staff of the Austro-Russian army. In this capacity he was responsible for the conception of the allied plan which was defeated by Emperor Napoleon at the Battle of Austerlitz. Two and a half months after the battle, Weyrother died aged 51 in Vienna.

Referenties

• Arnold, James R. Marengo & Hohenlinden. Barnsley, South Yorkshire, UK: Pen & Sword, 2005. ISBN 1-84415-279-0
• Boycott-Brown, Martin. The Road to Rivoli. London: Cassell & Co., 2001. ISBN 0-304-35305-1
• Chandler, David. The Campaigns of Napoleon. New York: Macmillan, 1966.

External references

Weyrother by Digby Smith, compiled by Leopold Kudrna

de:Franz von Weyrother es:Von Weyrother fr:Franz von Weyrother ru:Вейротер, Франц фон

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